【正文】 o Watanabe，Charla GriffyBrown[J]. Marketing Science,2009(2):123125.Abstract: This paper explores the petitive advantage of Chinese software parks for promoting industrial development. These industry clusters provide petitive advantage because they are rooted in local institutional systems. Taking the case of Dalian Software Park in China, this analysis is conducted qualitatively based on Porter’s ‘‘diamond’’ model, SWOT framework and interview results. Industry clusters, which enpass a series of inter connected firms in designated geographic concentrations, show petitive advantages for industrial development with substantial resources rooted in local institutional systems including government, industry and academia aspects. In order to successfully navigate the economic paradigm shift from mass manufacturing production to innovative new product development in China, it is essential that the petitive advantages of industry clusters are strengthened and sustained in order to enhance industrial development, generate innovation and increase regional economic growth.Keywords: Competitive advantage；Industry cluster；Local institutional systems；Dalian Software Park；China；Technology parks；Innovation；Regional growthIndustry cluster“Industry cluster’’ is a current concept in economic development, also popularized by Porter. As a recognized expert in global economic strategies, he discusses the power of industry clusters to advance regional economies. He writes: The concept of ‘‘clusters,’’ or groups of interconnected firms, suppliers, related industries, and institutions that arise in particular locations, has bee a new way for panies and governments to think about economies, assess the petitive advantage of locations, and set public policy. However, there has been no exact definition of ‘‘industry cluster’’ until now. Recent research by Doeringer and Terkla and Leven examine the literature regarding industry clusters and identify them as’ geographical concentrations of industries that gain performance advantages through colocation’’, ‘Geographical concentration’ is the key that defines the basic but distinctive characteristic of an industry cluster. As a specialized concentration of firms and industries in a region, they usually have mon markets, and share mon suppliers, trade, or education institutes, and intangible things like knowhow and information。 similarly, they also may face similar opportunities and threats. There are many industry cluster development models in countries around the world. For example, in the ., Silicon Valley (California) and Route 128(Massachusetts)are wellknown industry clusters. The former is famous for microelectronics, biotechnology, and venture capital markets while the latter is well known for its software, puter, and munications hardware.The reasons why software firms tend to cluster were analyzed, with a special focus on the transfer of information and knowledge. In fact, although research about industry clusters has been examined from the perspectives of economic development, strategic management, knowledge sharing, and technology spillover, there is little research that addresses the petitive advantage offered by industry clusters that are based on institutional systems.As introduced by Levee, industry clusters can be classified into two types: vertically integrated clusters and horizontally integrated clusters. The first type of cluster is ‘‘made up of industries that are linked through buyerseller relationships’’。 the second one ‘‘includes industries which might share a mon market for the end products, use a mon technology or labor force skills, or require similar natural resources’’ .The software parks that we examine in this paper can be considered part of the second type.文獻(xiàn)翻譯一：譯文產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)——以中國(guó)大連軟件工業(yè)園為例Weilin Zhao,Chihiro Watanabe，CharlaGriffyBrown[J]. Marketing Science, 2009(2):123125.摘要：本文本著為促進(jìn)工業(yè)的發(fā)展的初衷探討了中國(guó)軟件公園的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。產(chǎn)業(yè)集群深植于當(dāng)?shù)氐闹贫认到y(tǒng)，因此擁有特殊的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。根據(jù)波特的“鉆石”模型、SWOT模型的測(cè)試結(jié)果對(duì)中國(guó)大連軟件園的案例進(jìn)行了定性的分析。產(chǎn)業(yè)集群是包括一系列在指定地理上集聚的公司，它扎根于當(dāng)?shù)卣?、行業(yè)和學(xué)術(shù)的當(dāng)?shù)刂贫认到y(tǒng)，以此獲得大量的資源，從而獲得產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。為了成功駕馭中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)范式從批量生產(chǎn)到開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品的轉(zhuǎn)換，持續(xù)加強(qiáng)產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì),促進(jìn)工業(yè)和區(qū)域的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展是非常有必要的。關(guān)鍵詞：競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)；產(chǎn)業(yè)集群；當(dāng)?shù)刂贫认到y(tǒng)；大連軟件工業(yè)園；中國(guó)；科技園區(qū)；創(chuàng)新；區(qū)域發(fā)展產(chǎn)業(yè)集群產(chǎn)業(yè)集群是波特也推而廣之的一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的前沿概念。作為一個(gè)在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)戰(zhàn)略公認(rèn)的專家,他指出了產(chǎn)業(yè)集群在促進(jìn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中的作用。他寫道：集群的概念,“或出現(xiàn)在特定的地理位置與產(chǎn)業(yè)相關(guān)聯(lián)的公司、供應(yīng)商和機(jī)構(gòu)，已成為了公司和政府思考和評(píng)估當(dāng)?shù)馗?jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)和制定公共決策的一種新的要素。但是，他至今也沒有對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)集群做出準(zhǔn)確的定義。最近根據(jù)德瑞克、泰克拉和李維檢查的關(guān)于產(chǎn)業(yè)集群和識(shí)別為“地理濃度的行業(yè)優(yōu)勢(shì)的文獻(xiàn)取得了進(jìn)展”?！暗乩砑小倍x了產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵而鮮明的基本性質(zhì)。產(chǎn)業(yè)由地區(qū)上特定的眾多公司集聚而成,他們通常有共同市場(chǎng)、,有著共同的供應(yīng)商,交易對(duì)象,教育機(jī)構(gòu)和其它像知識(shí)及信息一樣無形的東西，同樣地,他們也面臨相似的機(jī)會(huì)和威脅。在全球產(chǎn)業(yè)集群有許多種發(fā)展模式。比如美國(guó)加州的硅谷和馬薩諸塞州的128魯特都是知名的產(chǎn)業(yè)集群。前者以微電子、生物技術(shù)、和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本市場(chǎng)而聞名,而后者則是以軟件、計(jì)算機(jī)和通訊硬件享譽(yù)天下。對(duì)軟件公司為什么傾向于集聚的原因進(jìn)行了分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)聚集特別著重于轉(zhuǎn)會(huì)信息和知識(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)變方面。事實(shí)上,盡管關(guān)于產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的研究已經(jīng)通過經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、戰(zhàn)略管理、知識(shí)共享,技術(shù)溢出的檢驗(yàn),但是很少有制度系統(tǒng)給產(chǎn)業(yè)集群帶來的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)進(jìn)行研究。李維所介紹的,產(chǎn)業(yè)集群分為兩種類型:垂直整合集群與橫向集成集群。第一種集群是“由相關(guān)聯(lián)的買賣關(guān)系的產(chǎn)業(yè)組成的”,第二種集群是“可能有最終產(chǎn)品的共同市場(chǎng),使用常見的技術(shù)或勞動(dòng)力技能,或要求相似的自然資源”。本文所檢驗(yàn)的軟件工業(yè)園所指的是第二種集群類型的一部分。文獻(xiàn)翻譯二：原文Brand Strategy ResearchKapferer, Strategic Brand Mnanagement [J]. Kogan Page,London[J]. Marketing Science,2010(2):5261.Economic globalization, how to adapt to international trends, establish, a strong brand and enhance our petitiveness, have bee pressing issues facing enterprises. Based on the analysis of the development of corporate marketing brand strategy in enterprise marketing role. Entries needs to sue a variety of means of petition to increase brand awareness, improve brand positioning, a create a good brand image. Economic globalization, how to adapt to international trends, establish, a strong brand and enhance our petitiveness, have bee pressing issues facing enterprises. Based on the analysis of the development of corporate marketing brand strategy in enterprise marketing role. Entries needs to sue a variety of means of petition to increase brand awareness, improve brand positioning, a create a good brand image. First, Japanese brands across the board defeat November 22,2006 morning, NEC announced that it would