【導(dǎo)讀】為文藝復(fù)興的起源是因?yàn)楣畔ＥD羅馬文明的基礎(chǔ)是以“人”為中心，人是萬物之靈。他們的，供他們懷疑，探索以及享受。托馬斯.摩爾，克利斯朵夫.馬洛和威廉.莎士比亞是英國人文主義的代表。模仿與同化的階段。議論都結(jié)合起來勾畫出情感主題，并將其極為鮮明生動的表現(xiàn)出來。loves.”《仙后》的主題并非“男人與武器”，而是更富浪漫色彩的“殘酷戰(zhàn)爭與忠貞愛情”。斯賓塞的理想主義，對美的熱愛以及精美優(yōu)雅的詩文韻律是他成為“詩人中的詩人”。子”中最富才華的人，在他短暫的一生中，他完成了六部劇本的創(chuàng)作。其中最負(fù)盛名的是：《帖木爾》，《浮。士德博士的悲劇》，《馬耳他島的猶太人》以及《愛德華二世》。English，并使之成為英國戲劇中最重要的文體形式。創(chuàng)造了文藝復(fù)興時期的英雄形象。獻(xiàn)是不可磨滅的，為此，它被后世尊為英國戲劇的先驅(qū)。三世》，《泰托斯.安東尼》以及四部喜劇：《錯誤的喜劇》，《維洛那二紳士》，《馴悍記》和《愛的徒勞》。

　　

【正文】 the sorrows of life, and the mysteries of human life with a touch of his personal melancholy. The poem abounds in images and arouses sentiment in the bosom of every reader, The poem has been ranked among the best of the eighteenth century English poetry.《墓園挽歌》是雷格最優(yōu)秀的代表作，創(chuàng)作歷時八年，詩中內(nèi)容與格雷的知己理查 .韋斯特的去世有關(guān)。其中，格雷揭示了生與死的愁苦與神秘，并略述了自己憂傷的心情。詩中富于比喻，并給讀者帶來深深的傷感。這首詩被列為英國十八世紀(jì)最優(yōu)秀的詩歌之一。 Chapter3 The Romantic Period (17981832)浪漫主義 1. This urgency was provoked by two important revolutions: the French Revolution of 17891794 and the English Industrial Revolution which happened more slowly, but with Astonishing ：一是 17891794 年的法國資產(chǎn)階級大革命，一是同時期英國內(nèi)部的工業(yè)革命。 2. In 1832, the Reform Bill was enacted, which brought the Industrial capitalists into 年“改革法案”在議會 通過并實(shí)施。 3. The Romantic Movement, whether in England, Germany or France, expressed a more or less negative forward the existing ，無論是在英國，德國還是法國，都表現(xiàn)出對工業(yè)革命時期現(xiàn)存的社會經(jīng)濟(jì)制度要點(diǎn)中英文對照版 第 10 頁，共 34 頁 及城市資產(chǎn)階級的上升的否定態(tài)度。 4. The Romantics demonstrated a strong reaction against the dominant modes of thinking of the 18thcentury writers and philosophers. Where their predecessors saw man as a social animal, the Romantics saw him essentially as an individual in the solitary 18 世紀(jì)盛行的文學(xué)及哲學(xué)基調(diào) 理性，新古典主義文學(xué)家認(rèn)為人是社會性的動物，而浪漫主義文學(xué)家認(rèn)為人應(yīng)該是獨(dú)立自由的個體。 5. Thus, we can say that Romanticism actually constitutes a change of direction from attention to the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human ，我們還可以說浪漫主義其實(shí)是將人們的注意力從外部世界 —社會文明轉(zhuǎn)移到內(nèi)部世界 人類自己的精神實(shí)質(zhì)。 6. The Romantic period is an age of 。 7. They believed that poetry could purify both individual souls and the （浪漫主義代表詩人布萊克，華茲華斯，科勒律治，拜倫，雪萊及濟(jì)恩）認(rèn)為詩歌是醫(yī)治社會頑疾的良藥，可以凈化人的靈魂。 8. Wordsworth defines the poet as a “man speaking to men,” and poetry as “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, which originates in emotion recollected in tranquillity.”華茲華斯認(rèn)為詩人是對著廣大人民講話的人，而詩歌是強(qiáng)烈情感的自發(fā)流露，發(fā)乎情，止乎靜。 9. Imagination, defined by Coleridge, is the vital faculty that creates new wholes out of disparate elements. 科勒律治認(rèn)為，想象是在全無聯(lián)系的各種元素上創(chuàng)立新 型整體的一種超凡的官能。 10. The Romantics not only extol the faculty of imagination, but also elevate the concepts of spontaneity and inspiration, regarding them as something crucial for true ，還強(qiáng)調(diào)靈感與創(chuàng)作的自發(fā)性，認(rèn)為有這兩種才智才能創(chuàng)造出真正的詩歌。 11. Romantics also tend to be 。 12. To the Romantics, poetry should be free from all rules. They would turn to the humble people and the mon everyday life for ，他們會在窮苦百姓及日常生活中找尋素材。 13. The two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen and Walter .奧斯汀與沃爾特 .司各特 . 14. Jane Austen?s view of life is a totally realistic .奧斯汀對生活抱有完全的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義 . 15. The major theme of Jane?s novels is love and marriage toward which she holds on a practical idealismlove should be justified by reason and disciplined by selfcontrol. She chooses to stay within the tiny field that she knows best., she has bee a popular classic and has been admired for her wit, her monsense, her insight into characters and social relationships. 簡 .奧斯汀作品的主題為 愛情與婚姻 ,對于這個主題 ,奧斯汀抱有一種較為實(shí)際的理想主義 愛情必須有理智及道德準(zhǔn)則的約束 ,她的作品的背景都很小卻都是她熟知的 ,她的智慧 ,常識及對人物和人際關(guān)系深刻的洞察受到了大批讀者的喜愛 . 16. Walter Scott showed a keen sense of political and traditional forces and of their influence on the individual. He is the first major historical 現(xiàn)出對政治與傳統(tǒng)的力量及它們對個人的影響深刻的洞察力。他是英國文學(xué)史上第一位重要的歷史小說家。 17. Gothic novel, a type of romantic fiction that predominated in the late eighteenth century, its principal elements are violence, horror, and the ，它盛行于浪漫主義前期的 18 世紀(jì)末。這種小說的主要題材是暴力，恐怖及 對超自然力（鬼神）的描寫。 (I)William Blake 威廉 .布萊克 18. He was often misunderstood by other people, who would regard him as gifted but mad. He was recognized only ，認(rèn)為他是個天才，又是個瘋子，他去世后才被人發(fā)掘出來并一舉成名。 要點(diǎn)中英文對照版 第 11 頁，共 34 頁 19. Childhood is central to Blake?s concern in the Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience, and this concern gives the two books a strong social and historical 《天真之歌》和《經(jīng)驗(yàn)之歌》中，童年是布萊克主要描述的中心，這個描述中心使作品富有社會與歷史性的參考價值。 20. Blake?s Marriage of Heaven and Hell marks his entry into maturity. It plays the double role both as a satire and a revolutionary 《天堂與地獄的結(jié)合》一詩標(biāo)志著他創(chuàng)作上的成熟，并擔(dān)負(fù)了諷喻與革命預(yù)言的兩重角色。 21. The “marriage,” to Blake, means the reconciliation of the contraries, not the subordination of the one to the 姻對布萊克意味著矛盾的調(diào)和，而并非一方從屬于另一方。 22. Blake felt bound to declare that “I know that This World is World of Imagination amp。 Vision” and that “The Nature of my work is visionary or imaginative.”布萊克熱切地宣布：“我認(rèn)為人世凡塵是一個充滿想象與幻想的世界，我的作品也如人世凡塵一樣充滿想象與幻覺?！? 23. Blake writes his poems in plain and direct 。 24. Symbolism in wide range is also a distinctive feature of his 征。 (II)William Wordsworth 威廉 .華茲華斯 25. The poet Robert Southey as well as Coleridge lived nearby, and the three men became known as the “Lake Poets”.詩人騷塞 ,科勒律治也居住在同一地城 ,三人并稱為 ”湖畔詩 人 ”。 26. In 1842 he received a government pension, and in the following year he succeeded Southey as Poet 政府為他發(fā)了津貼，次年他壓倒騷塞成為了“桂冠詩人”。 27. According to the subject, Wordsworth?s short poems can be classified into two group: poems about nature and poems about human ，華的短詩可分為兩大類：關(guān)于自然的和關(guān)于人類生活的。 28. Wordsworth is regarded as a “worshipper of nature.”華被稱為 ”大自然的膜拜者 ”。 29. Wordsworth thinks that mon life is the only subject of literary interest. The joys and sorrows of the mon people are his 通生活應(yīng)是文學(xué)的主題，她的作品大多描述普通百姓的喜怒哀樂。 30. His works contain “The Solitary Reaper”, “To a Highland Girl”, ”The Old Cumberland Beggar ” and “The Ruined Cottage”.他的作品包括《孤獨(dú)的收割者》，《致高地姑娘》，《老坎伯蘭的乞丐》和《被摧毀的茅屋》。 31. In its daring use of subject matter and sense of the authenticity of the experience of the poorest, “Resolution and Independence” is the triumphant conclusion of ideas first developed in the Lyrical 題，同時對貧苦人民生活經(jīng)歷的描寫擁有極大的可信度，“革命與獨(dú)立”則成為《抒情歌謠集》中成功的結(jié)論，這在英國詩歌歷史上也是第一次。 32. Wordsworth is a poet in memory of the past .華茲華斯是一個懷舊的詩人。 33. Wordsworth?s deliberate simplicity and refusal to decorate the truth of exp