【正文】 evity, pactness and ，緊湊，有力度而著名。 要點(diǎn)中英文對(duì)照版 第 3 頁，共 34 頁 28. He holds that literature should be a bination of beauty, kindness and truth, and should reflect nature and reality.他認(rèn)為文學(xué)應(yīng)該是真善美的結(jié)合，應(yīng)該反映天性與現(xiàn)實(shí)。 and his two plays: Henry VIII and The Rape of 有浪漫悲喜?。骸恫锟死贰缎涟琢帧贰抖斓墓适隆放c《暴風(fēng)雨》。 (III)William Shakespeare 威廉 .莎士比亞 17. The first period of his dramatic career, he wrote five history plays: Henry VI, Parts I, II, and III, Richard III, and Titus Andronicus。 11. It is Spenser?s idealism, his love of beauty, and his exquisite melody that make him known as “the poets? poet.”正是斯賓塞的理想主義，對(duì)美的熱愛以及精美優(yōu)雅的詩文韻律是他成為“詩人中的詩人”。 3. Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and 到充足的論據(jù)，來贊美人性，并開始注意到人類是崇高的生命，人可以不斷發(fā)展完善自己，而且世界是屬于他們的，供他們懷疑，探索以及享受。 6. The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and 模仿與同化的階段。其中最負(fù)盛名的是：《帖木爾》，《浮士德博士的悲劇》，《馬耳他島的猶太人》以及《愛德華二世》。 six edies: A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It, Twelfth Night, and The Merry Wives of Windsor。 22. Shakespeare?s history plays are mainly written under the principle that national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a ：在一個(gè)強(qiáng)大英明的君主統(tǒng)領(lǐng)下的國家，統(tǒng)一是非常必要的。 31. Son 18 is one of the most beautiful sons written by 詩。 培根 (V)John Donne 約翰 .鄧恩 39. The imagery is drawn from the actual 。 47. The theme of Paradise Lost is the “Fall of Man”. In the fall of man Adam discovered his full 題是人類的沉淪。 2. The eighteenthcentury England is also known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of 也同時(shí)是啟蒙主義時(shí)代，或曰理性時(shí)代。 9. Thus a polite, urbane, witty, and intellectual art ，充滿靈性的知識(shí)分子文學(xué)藝術(shù)發(fā)要點(diǎn)中英文對(duì)照版 第 5 頁，共 34 頁 展起來。 15. Among the pioneers were Daniel Defoe, Samuel Richardson, Henry Fielding, Laurence Sterne, Tobias Gee Smollett, and Oliver .迪福，塞繆爾 .理查德，亨利 .費(fèi)爾丁，勞倫斯 .斯泰思，托比亞斯 .斯摩萊特以及奧立弗 .哥爾斯密。 (II)Alexander Pope 亞歷山大 .蒲伯 23. Pope, a very sensitive man, would strike back hard, and in the constant verbal battles he developed a style of biting satire. 蒲伯本身是個(gè)很敏感的人，自然要用筆墨來反擊，在此期間，他發(fā)展了犀利的諷刺文體。 29. Robinson Crusoe, an adventure story very much in the spirit of the time, is universally considered his masterpiece.《魯賓遜漂流記》是一部體現(xiàn)時(shí)代精神的游記歷險(xiǎn)小說，是笛福的代表作。 (IV)Jonathan Swift 喬納森 .斯威夫特 36. In 1704 he published two powerful satires on corruption in religion and learning, A Tale of a Tub and The Battle of the Books, which established his name as a 年，他針對(duì)宗教和學(xué)術(shù)界的腐敗出版了兩篇犀利的諷刺小品，一為《木桶的故事》，一為《書籍的戰(zhàn)斗》。無論是散文，詩歌，還是小說，簡潔，具體，精確，沒有復(fù)雜的句式永遠(yuǎn)是他的寫作風(fēng)格 。 50. The History of Tom Jones is a masterpiece on the subject of human nature. 費(fèi)爾丁的代表作《湯姆 .瓊斯：一個(gè)棄兒的故事》主題是對(duì)人性的諷刺。 (VI)Samuel Johnson 塞 繆爾 .約翰遜 58. The years between 1737 and 1755, he did translations, wrote poems, essays and so 年 至 1755 年這段時(shí)間對(duì)他來說充滿了艱辛 :他做過翻譯 ,寫過詩 ,為書商編書 ,編輯雜志。 64. His sentences are long and well structured, interwoven with parallel words and ，但結(jié)構(gòu)工整，包含有許多排比，對(duì)仗。毫無疑問，它被認(rèn)為是自莎士比亞以來最出色的喜劇。詩中富于比喻，并給讀者帶來深深的傷感。 7. They believed that poetry could purify both individual souls and the （浪漫主義代表詩人布萊克，華茲華斯，科勒律治，拜倫，雪萊及濟(jì)恩）認(rèn)為詩歌是醫(yī)治社會(huì)頑疾的良藥，可以凈化人的靈魂。 17. Gothic novel, a type of romantic fiction that predominated in the late eighteenth century, its principal elements are violence, horror, and the ，它盛行于浪漫主義前期的 18 世紀(jì)末?！? 23. Blake writes his poems in plain and direct 。 31. In its daring use of subject matter and sense of the authenticity of the experience of the poorest, “Resolution and Independence” is the triumphant conclusion of ideas first developed in the Lyrical 題，同時(shí)對(duì)貧苦人民生活經(jīng)歷的描寫擁有極大的可信度，“革命與獨(dú)立”則成為《抒情歌謠集》中成功的結(jié)論，這在英國詩歌歷史上也是第一次。 27. According to the subject, Wordsworth?s short poems can be classified into two group: poems about nature and poems about human ，華的短詩可分為兩大類：關(guān)于自然的和關(guān)于人類生活的。 20. Blake?s Marriage of Heaven and Hell marks his entry into maturity. It plays the double role both as a satire and a revolutionary 《天堂與地獄的結(jié)合》一詩標(biāo)志著他創(chuàng)作上的成熟，并擔(dān)負(fù)了諷喻與革命預(yù)言的兩重角色。 11. Romantics also tend to be 。 3. The Romantic Movement, whether in England, Germany or France, expressed a more or less negative forward the existing ，無論是在英國，德國還是法國，都表現(xiàn)出對(duì)工業(yè)革命時(shí)期現(xiàn)存的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)制度要點(diǎn)中英文對(duì)照版 第 10 頁，共 34 頁 及城市資產(chǎn)階級(jí)的上升的否定態(tài)度。 73. His other poems include “Ode on the Spring”, “Ode on the Death of a Favourite cat” and so on. (Ode:… .贊，頌 )他的其他作品還有《春之頌》，《愛貓之死》等等。 68. In his play, morality is the constant 。 a romance: The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abyssinia。 54. He “thinks the thought” of all his characters, so he is able to present not only their external behaviors but also the internal workings of their “想”，因此不僅可以表述人物的外在行為，還可深入刻畫其內(nèi)心的思想活動(dòng)。 46. Of all his plays, the best known are The CoffeeHouse Politician, The Tragedy of Tragedies, Pasquin, and The Historical Register for the Year 《咖啡屋的政治家》，《悲劇中的悲劇》，《巴斯昆》，《 1736 歷史年鑒》。 39. In his writings, although he intends not to condemn but to reform and improve human nature and human institutions.在他的作品中，他提倡的不是譴責(zé)，而是采取行為改良人性與人為的機(jī)構(gòu)。 33. His language is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly ，有時(shí)甚至是俗語方言。次年，他又出版了《奪發(fā)記》，一部極妙的諷刺史詩。 (I)John Bunyan 約翰 .班揚(yáng) 19. As a stout Puritan, he had made a conscientious study of the Bible and firmly believed in salvation through spiritual ，他認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)《圣經(jīng)》，并深信人一定能通過精神上的奮斗得到拯救。 regularity in construction should be adhered to, and type characters rather than individuals should be （抑揚(yáng)五音步的押韻雙行詩）寫就；時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，事件三要素必須要遵循；寫作的規(guī)矩必須要遵守，而作品中的人物要代表一類人，而不是個(gè)性化。 5. As a matter of fact, literature at the time, heavily didactic and moralizing, became a very popular means of public ，當(dāng)時(shí)的文學(xué)作品種充滿了說教與道德理念，就已經(jīng)成為大眾教育的良好工具。 50. In Samson Agonistes, the whole poem strongly suggests Milton?s passionate longing that he too could bring destruction down upon th