【正文】 e enemy at the cost of his own ，整首詩都強烈暗示著彌爾頓渴望他自己也能像參孫一樣，以生命為代價，與敵人同歸于盡。 43. With the brief, simple language, the argument is continuous throughout the 言，并貫穿于整首詩作。 35. Bacon, as a humanist intellect, shows the new empirical attitudes toward truth about nature and bravely challenges the medieval ，并向中世紀(jì)的經(jīng)院哲學(xué)家們提出挑戰(zhàn)。 27. Thus, he finds no way to solve the social problems. In the end, the only thing he can do as a humanist is to escape from the reality to seek fort in his ，他才無力尋求到醫(yī)治各種社會痼疾的靈丹妙藥，最后，他作為人文主義所能做的唯一事情便是逃避現(xiàn)實，從夢幻中找安慰。 20. The last period of Shakespeare?s work includes his principle romantic tragiedies: Pericles, Cymbeline, The Winter’s Tale and The Tempest。 16. The Passionate Shepherd to His Love《多情的牧羊人致情人》 《牧羊人戀歌》 要點中英文對照版 第 2 頁，共 34 頁 This short poem is considered to be one of the most beautiful lyrics in English 最優(yōu)美的抒情詩。 (I)Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙 .斯賓塞 10. the theme of The Faerie Queene is not “Arms and the man,” but something more romantic“Fierce wars and faithful loves.”《仙后》的主題并非“男人與武器”，而是更富浪漫色彩的“殘酷戰(zhàn)爭與忠貞愛情” 。 2. the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all 為文藝復(fù)興的起源是因 為古希臘羅馬文明的基礎(chǔ)是以“人”為中心，人是萬物之靈。 7. The goals of humanistic poetry are: skillful handling of conventions, force of language, and, above all, the development of a rhetorical plan in which meter, rhyme, scheme, imagery and argument should all be bined to frame the emotional theme and throw it into high 傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗的熟練運用，語言的力度與氣概，而最重要的是發(fā)展了修辭模式，即將格律，韻腳（式），組織結(jié)構(gòu)，意象（比喻，描述）與議論都結(jié)合起來勾畫出情感主題，并將其極為鮮明生動的表現(xiàn)出來。 13. Marlowe?s greatest achievement lies in that he perfected the blank verse and made it the principal medium of English ，并使之成為英國戲劇中最重要的文體形式。 and two tragedies: Romeo and Juliet and Julius ，他寫了五部歷史?。骸独聿槎馈罚都s翰王》，《亨利四世》，《亨利五世》以及六部喜劇《仲夏夜之夢》， 《威尼斯商人》，《無事生非》，《皆大歡喜》，《第十二夜》，《溫莎的風(fēng)流娘兒們》，還有兩部悲?。骸读_密歐與朱麗葉》和《裘利斯 .凱撒》。 23. In his romantic edies, Shakespeare takes an optimistic attitude toward love and youth, and the romantic elements are brought into full ，莎士比亞以樂觀的態(tài)度對待愛情與青春，并將浪漫色彩渲染到極致。 (IV)Francis Bacon 弗蘭西斯 .培根 32. The most import works of his first group include The Advancement of Learning, Written in English。 40. His poems give a more inherently theatrical impression by exhibiting a seemingly unfocused diversity of experiences and attitudes, and a free range of feelings and ，展示了看上去零散多樣的經(jīng)歷與觀念，以及漫無邊際的情感與心境。在沉淪之中，亞當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己身上的人性。 3. Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic 是用當(dāng)代哲學(xué)與藝術(shù)思想的晨光啟迪整個世界。 10. Neoclassicists had some fixed laws and rules for almost every genre of ，新古典主義者們都設(shè)定了創(chuàng)作的規(guī)矩與條框。 16. From the middle part to the end of the century there was also an apparent shift of interest from the classic literary tradition to originality and imagination, from society to individual, and from the didactic to the confessional, inspirational and prophetic. 從十八世紀(jì)中葉至十八世紀(jì)末，還出現(xiàn)了古典文學(xué)傳統(tǒng)向獨創(chuàng)性與豐富聯(lián)想性的轉(zhuǎn)移，社會描寫向個性描寫的轉(zhuǎn)移，說教向懺悔，鼓勵及預(yù)示的轉(zhuǎn)移。 24. For him the supreme value was ordercosmic order, political order, social order, aesthetic order, and this emphasis on order found expression in all of his 宇宙秩序，政治秩序，社 會秩序，美學(xué)秩序。 30. In most of his works, he gave his praise to the hardworking, study middle class and showed his sympathy for the downtrodden, unfortunate ，他都表達了對勤勞，堅強的中產(chǎn)階級的贊譽，以及對破落不幸的窮苦人的同情。這兩篇作品奠定了他在諷刺作品中的地位。 43. Swift?s chief works are: A Tale of a Tub and The Battle of the Books, The Drapier’s Letters(note:Drapier=Swift, alias), Gulliver?s Travels and A Modest 《桶的故事》，《書籍的戰(zhàn)斗》，《德拉皮爾的信》，《格列佛游記》和《一個溫和的建議》。 51. the purpose of the novel was not just to amuse, but to instruct, the object of novel was to present a faithful picture of life, “the just copies of human manners,” with sound teaching woven into their texture, so as to teach men to know themselves, their properspheres and appropriate manners.，小說不僅供娛樂，而且更有教育意義，他的小說的主旨是要真實地展示生活，使之成為“人類態(tài)度的完整拷貝”，并將說教巧妙的引入作品，教導(dǎo)人們認(rèn)識自己，尋求適宜的人生態(tài)度 。 59. In his famous Literary Club, where he was surrounded with respect by the elite of the literary 里，周圍圍滿了敬仰 他的文學(xué)精英。 65. Reading his works gives the reader the impression that he is talking with a very learned 種感覺，他在與一位非常博學(xué)的人士對話。 (VII)Thomas Gray 托馬斯 .格雷 70. he declined the Poet laureateship in 年，他竟謝絕了授予他的詩人桂冠獎。這首詩被列為英國十八世紀(jì)最優(yōu)秀的詩歌之一。 8. Wordsworth defines the poet as a “man speaking to men,” and poetry as “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, which originates in emotion recollected in tranquillity.”華茲華斯認(rèn)為詩人是對著廣大人民講話的人，而詩歌是強烈情感的自發(fā)流露，發(fā)乎情，止乎靜。這種小說的主要題材是暴力，恐怖及 對超自然力（鬼神）的描寫。 24. Symbolism in wide range is also a distinctive feature of his 征。 32. Wordsworth is a poet in memory of the past .華茲華斯是一個懷舊的詩人。 26. In 1842 he received a government pension, and in the following year he succeeded Southey as Poet 政府為他發(fā)了津貼，次年他壓倒騷塞成為了“桂冠詩人”。 要點中英文對照版 第 11 頁，共 34 頁 19. Childhood is central to Blake?s concern in the Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience, and this concern gives the two books a strong social and historical 《天真之歌》和《經(jīng)驗之歌》中，童年是布萊克主要描述的中心，這個描述中心使作品富有社會與歷史性的參考價值。 10. The Romantics not only extol the faculty of imagination, but also elevate the concepts of spontaneity and inspiration, regarding them as something crucial for true ，還強調(diào)靈感與創(chuàng)作的自發(fā)性，認(rèn)為有這兩種才智才能創(chuàng)造出真正的詩歌。 2. In 1832, the Reform Bill was enacted, which brought the Industrial capitalists into 年“改革法案”在議會 通過并實施。 72. His masterpiece, “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard” was published in 1751. The poem once and for all established his fame as the leader of the sentimental poetry of the day, especially “the Graveyard School”.1757 年，他的代表作《墓園挽歌》出版這首詩奠定了他在當(dāng)時作為感傷主義詩歌創(chuàng)始人的地位，尤其是從此他便成為“墓地詩歌”流派的代表。 67. His plays, especially The Rivals and The School for Scandal, are generally regarded as important links between the masterpiece of Shakespeare and those of Bernard Shaw, and as true classics in English 《情敵》和《造謠學(xué)?！繁徽J(rèn)為是上承莎士