【正文】 比亞，下接蕭伯 納的紐帶，是真正的英國古典派喜劇。 61. His chief works include pomes: “London”, and “The Vanity of Human Wishes”。 要點(diǎn)中英文對照版 第 8 頁，共 34 頁 53. he was the first to set out , both in theory and practice, to write specifically a “ic epic in prose,” the first to give the modern novel its structure and “散文體喜劇史詩”，并第一個為現(xiàn)代小說確立了結(jié)構(gòu)和風(fēng)格。 (V)Henry Fielding 亨利 .費(fèi)爾丁 45. During his career as a dramatist, Fielding had attempted a considerable number of forms of 里，費(fèi)爾丁曾嘗試過許多不同的戲劇模式。 38. In his opinion, human nature is seriously and permanently flawed. To better human life, enlightenment is 認(rèn)為人性永遠(yuǎn)有著嚴(yán)重的瑕疵，為了使人的生活更美好，人們需要啟蒙。 32. His sentences are sometimes short, crisp and plain, and sometimes long and rambling, which leave on the reader an impression of casual ，樸素直白，時(shí)而又氣勢磅礴，潑墨如水，為讀者留下了敘述自由悠閑的印象。 25. Pope made his name as a great poet with the publication of An Essay on Criticism in 1711. The next year, he published The Rape of the Lock, a finest mock 年，他出版了散文《論批評》，從此奠定了他在詩壇的地位。 18. Jonathan Swift?s A Modest Proposal being generally regarded as the best model of satire, not only of the period but also in the whole English literary .斯威夫特的《一個小小的建議》被公認(rèn)為英國文學(xué)史上諷刺作品的經(jīng)典。 the three unities of time, space and action should be strictly observed。他們大力提倡秩序，理性及法律。 49. It opens the way for the voluntary sacrifice of Christ which showed the mercy of God in bringing good out of 基督自愿獻(xiàn)身開辟了道路，這也顯示出上帝欲將人類從罪惡與苦難中拯救出來的同情心。 42. In his gloomy poem “Farewell to love,” we can see his 《告別愛情》中，我們就可以感受到他對愛情幻想的破滅。 34. According to Bacon, man?s understanding consists of three parts: history to man?s memory, poetry to man?s imagination and creation, and philosophy to man?s ，人類的認(rèn)識與學(xué)問分為三部分：基于人類回憶的歷史學(xué)，基于人 類想象力創(chuàng)造力的詩歌與基于人類理性的哲學(xué)。 25. Shakespeare?s greatest tragedies are: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. They have some characteristics in mon. Each portrays some noble ：《哈姆雷特》《奧賽羅》 《李爾王》《麥克白》 26. “The King?s government must be carried on”—but carried on for the good of the nation, not for the pleasure of the king.“國王的統(tǒng)治一定要萬古不變” 但是這種流傳百世萬古不變的統(tǒng)治是有利于國家利益的，而不是只為國王自己服務(wù)。兩部喜劇是《終成眷屬》和《一報(bào)還一報(bào)》。 15. His brilliant achievement as a whole raised him to an eminence as the pioneer of English 獻(xiàn)是不可磨滅的，為此，它被后世尊為英國戲劇的先驅(qū)。 9. Francis Bacon (15611626), the first important English .培根是英國歷史上最重要的散文家。要點(diǎn)中英文對照版 第 1 頁，共 34 頁 Part one: English Literature Chapter1 The Renaissance period（ 14 世紀(jì)至十七世紀(jì)中葉）文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期 1. Humanism is the essence of the 。 8. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and Ben .馬洛，威廉 .莎士比亞與本 .約翰遜。 14. Marlowe?s second achievement is his creation of the Renaissance hero for English 創(chuàng)造了文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的英雄形象。 19. Shakespeare?s third period includes his greatest tragedies and his socalled dark edies. The tragedies of this period are Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra, Troilus and Cressida, and Coriolanus. The two edies are All’s Well That Ends and Measure for 黑色喜?。ɑ虮矂。?，悲劇有：《哈姆雷特》，《奧賽羅》，《李爾王》《麥克白》《安東尼與克利奧佩特拉》《特羅伊勒斯與克利西達(dá)》及《克里奧拉那斯》。 24. The successful romantic tragedy is Romeo and Juliet, which eulogizes the faithfulness of love and the spirit of pursuing 《羅密歐與朱麗葉》中，頌揚(yáng)了對愛的忠貞及對幸福的追求。 Novum Organum , an enlarged Latin version of The Advancement of ：第一類中最重要的作品有《學(xué)術(shù)的進(jìn)展》（用英文著述）《新工具》（是《學(xué)術(shù)的進(jìn)展》的拉丁文增補(bǔ)版） 33. One is the knowledge obtained from the Divine Revelation, the other is the knowledge from the workings of human ：一種是通過神的啟示獲得的知識，另一種是通過人類用腦思考而獲得的知識。 41. The Sons and Sons, by which Donne is probably best known, contains most of his early lyrics.《歌與短歌》是鄧恩最有名的詩集，囊括了他早期大多數(shù)愛情詩作。 48. Milton held that God created all things out of Himself, including 界，其中也包括罪惡。 4. Enlighteners held that rationality or reason should be the only, the final cause of any human thought and activities. They called for a reference to order, reason and 。 11. Drama should be written in the heroic Couplets (iambic pentameter rhymed in two lines)。 17. Gothic novelsmostly stories of mystery and 主要講述恐怖神秘的故事。這種對秩序與理性的強(qiáng)調(diào)深入到了他各部作品中。 31. Defoe was a very good 。 要點(diǎn)中英文對照版 第 7 頁，共 34 頁 37. Even today Swift is still respected as a national hero in ，斯威夫特還被尊為愛爾蘭的民族英雄。 44. Gulliver?s Travels: Jonathan?s best fictional work, the book contains four parts. Its social significance is great and its exploration into human nature profound. 《格列佛游記》：是斯威夫特最精彩的一部小說，全書分為四卷，它具有重大的社會意義，同時(shí)對人性的探索與揭示也是深刻的。 52. Fielding has been regarded by some as “Father of the English novel,” for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern “英國小說之父”，因?yàn)樗麨楝F(xiàn)代小說模式的創(chuàng)立作出很大貢獻(xiàn)。 60. Johnson was an energetic and versatile writer. He had a hand in all the different branches of literary 遜精力充沛，多才多藝，他還涉足各種各樣的文學(xué)領(lǐng)域。 (VII)Richard Brinsley Sheridan 理查 .比 .謝立丹 66. The year 1777 saw the appearance of his masterpiece The School for Scandal, which brought him quite a 要點(diǎn)中英文對照版 第 9 頁，共 34 頁 年，謝立丹的代表作 《造謠學(xué)校》出版，使他大發(fā)其財(cái)。 71. In contrast to those professional writers, Gray?s literary output was ，格雷作品極少。 Chapter3 The Romantic Period (17981832)浪漫主義 1. This urgency was provoked by two important revolutions: the French Revolution of 17891794 and the English Industrial Revolution which happened more slowly, but with Astonishing ：一是 17891794 年的法國資產(chǎn)階級大革命，一是同時(shí)期英國內(nèi)部的工業(yè)革命。 9. Imagination, defined by Coleridge, is the vital faculty that creates new wholes out of disparate elements. 科勒律治認(rèn)為，想象是在全無聯(lián)系的各種元素上創(chuàng)立新 型整體的一種超凡的官能。 (I)William Blake 威廉 .布萊克 18. He was often misunderstood by other people, who would regard him as gifted but mad. He was recognized only ，認(rèn)為他是個天才，又是個瘋子，他去世后才被人發(fā)掘出來并一舉成名。 (II)William Wordsworth 威廉 .華茲華斯 25. The poet Robert Southey as well as Coleridge lived nearby, and the three men became known as the “Lake Poets”.詩人騷塞 ,科勒律治也居住在同一地城 ,三人并稱為 ”湖畔詩 人 ”。 33. Wordsworth?s deliberate simplicity and refusal to decorate the truth of exp