【正文】 1. Son 18 is one of the most beautiful sons written by 詩。 Novum Organum , an enlarged Latin version of The Advancement of ：第一類中最重要的作品有《學(xué)術(shù)的進(jìn)展》（用英文著述）《新工具》（是《學(xué)術(shù)的進(jìn)展》的拉丁文增補(bǔ)版） 33. One is the knowledge obtained from the Divine Revelation, the other is the knowledge from the workings of human ：一種是通過神的啟示獲得的知識，另一種是通過人類用腦思考而獲得的知識。 35. Bacon, as a humanist intellect, shows the new empirical attitudes toward truth about nature and bravely challenges the medieval ，并向中世紀(jì)的經(jīng)院哲學(xué)家們提出挑戰(zhàn)。 37. The essays are wellarranged and enriched by biblical allusions, metaphors and 大量使用了《圣經(jīng)》的典故，隱喻和基調(diào)。 培根 (V)John Donne 約翰 .鄧恩 39. The imagery is drawn from the actual 。 41. The Sons and Sons, by which Donne is probably best known, contains most of his early lyrics.《歌與短歌》是鄧恩最有名的詩集，囊括了他早期大多數(shù)愛情詩作。 43. With the brief, simple language, the argument is continuous throughout the 言，并貫穿于整首詩作。 45. Milton?s literary achievements can be divided into three groups: the early poetic works, the middle prose pamphlets and the great ：早期詩作，中期的散文小冊子和后期的偉大詩作。 47. The theme of Paradise Lost is the “Fall of Man”. In the fall of man Adam discovered his full 題是人類的沉淪。 48. Milton held that God created all things out of Himself, including 界，其中也包括罪惡。 50. In Samson Agonistes, the whole poem strongly suggests Milton?s passionate longing that he too could bring destruction down upon the enemy at the cost of his own ，整首詩都強(qiáng)烈暗示著彌爾頓渴望他自己也能像參孫一樣，以生命為代價(jià)，與敵人同歸于盡。 52. Paradise Lost:人類由于理性不強(qiáng)，意志薄弱，經(jīng)不起考驗(yàn)，暗示英國資產(chǎn)階級革命失敗的原因。 2. The eighteenthcentury England is also known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of 也同時是啟蒙主義時代，或曰理性時代。 4. Enlighteners held that rationality or reason should be the only, the final cause of any human thought and activities. They called for a reference to order, reason and 。 5. As a matter of fact, literature at the time, heavily didactic and moralizing, became a very popular means of public ，當(dāng)時的文學(xué)作品種充滿了說教與道德理念，就已經(jīng)成為大眾教育的良好工具。 7. In the field of literature, the Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works.在文學(xué)領(lǐng)域，啟蒙主義運(yùn)動還使人們重新對古典時代的著作產(chǎn)生興趣。 9. Thus a polite, urbane, witty, and intellectual art ，充滿靈性的知識分子文學(xué)藝術(shù)發(fā)要點(diǎn)中英文對照版 第 5 頁，共 34 頁 展起來。 11. Drama should be written in the heroic Couplets (iambic pentameter rhymed in two lines)。 regularity in construction should be adhered to, and type characters rather than individuals should be （抑揚(yáng)五音步的押韻雙行詩）寫就；時間，地點(diǎn)，事件三要素必須要遵循；寫作的規(guī)矩必須要遵守，而作品中的人物要代表一類人，而不是個性化。 13. The poetic techniques and certain classical graces such as order, good form, unified structure, clarity and conciseness of language developed in this period have bee a permanent ，如秩序，優(yōu)美的格式，統(tǒng)一的結(jié)構(gòu)，簡明的語言都成為永恒的文學(xué)傳統(tǒng)。 15. Among the pioneers were Daniel Defoe, Samuel Richardson, Henry Fielding, Laurence Sterne, Tobias Gee Smollett, and Oliver .迪福，塞繆爾 .理查德，亨利 .費(fèi)爾丁，勞倫斯 .斯泰思，托比亞斯 .斯摩萊特以及奧立弗 .哥爾斯密。 17. Gothic novelsmostly stories of mystery and 主要講述恐怖神秘的故事。 (I)John Bunyan 約翰 .班揚(yáng) 19. As a stout Puritan, he had made a conscientious study of the Bible and firmly believed in salvation through spiritual ，他認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)《圣經(jīng)》，并深信人一定能通過精神上的奮斗得到拯救。 21. Bunyan?s other works include Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners, The Life and Death of , The Holy War and The Pilgrim’s Progress, Part 《罪人頭目的赦 免》，《拜得門先生生死錄》，《圣戰(zhàn)》以及《天路歷程》第二部 22. The Vanity Fair.《名利場》（節(jié)選《天路歷程》第一部） The Pilgrim?s Progress is the most successful religious allegory in the English language. Its purpose is to urge people to abide by Christian doctrines and seek salvation through constant struggles with their own weaknesses and all kinds of social evils.《天路歷程》是英文作品中最成功的宗教寓言。 (II)Alexander Pope 亞歷山大 .蒲伯 23. Pope, a very sensitive man, would strike back hard, and in the constant verbal battles he developed a style of biting satire. 蒲伯本身是個很敏感的人，自然要用筆墨來反擊，在此期間，他發(fā)展了犀利的諷刺文體。這種對秩序與理性的強(qiáng)調(diào)深入到了他各部作品中。次年，他又出版了《奪發(fā)記》，一部極妙的諷刺史詩。 27. He worked painstakingly on his poems, developed a satiric, concise, smooth, graceful and wellbalanced 力于詩歌創(chuàng)作，發(fā)展了諷刺，簡練，通順，優(yōu)雅，平衡的風(fēng)格。 29. Robinson Crusoe, an adventure story very much in the spirit of the time, is universally considered his masterpiece.《魯賓遜漂流記》是一部體現(xiàn)時代精神的游記歷險(xiǎn)小說，是笛福的代表作。 31. Defoe was a very good 。 33. His language is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly ，有時甚至是俗語方言。 35. Robinson Crusoe: The novel consists actually of three parts. 《魯賓遜漂流記》：整部小說分為三個部分 The realistic account of the successful struggle of Robinson singlehandedly against the hostile nature forms the best part of the novel. Robinson is here a real hero: a typical eighteenthcentury English middleclass man., the pioneer 。 (IV)Jonathan Swift 喬納森 .斯威夫特 36. In 1704 he published two powerful satires on corruption in religion and learning, A Tale of a Tub and The Battle of the Books, which established his name as a 年，他針對宗教和學(xué)術(shù)界的腐敗出版了兩篇犀利的諷刺小品，一為《木桶的故事》，一為《書籍的戰(zhàn)斗》。 要點(diǎn)中英文對照版 第 7 頁，共 34 頁 37. Even today Swift is still respected as a national hero in ，斯威夫特還被尊為愛爾蘭的民族英雄。 39. In his writings, although he intends not to condemn but to reform and improve human nature and human institutions.在他的作品中，他提倡的不是譴責(zé)，而是采取行為改良人性與人為的機(jī)構(gòu)。 41. Swift is one of the greatest masters of English 。無論是散文，詩歌，還是小說，簡潔，具體，精確，沒有復(fù)雜的句式永遠(yuǎn)是他的寫作風(fēng)格 。 44. Gulliver?s Travels: Jonathan?s best fictional work, the book contains four parts. Its social significance is great and its exploration into human nature profound. 《格列佛游記》：是斯威夫特最精彩的一部小說，全書分為四卷，它具有重大的社會意義，同時對人性的探索與揭示也是深刻的。 46. Of all his plays, the best known are The CoffeeHouse Politician, The Tragedy of Tragedies, Pasquin, and The Historical Register for the Year 《咖啡屋的政治家》，《悲劇中的悲劇》，《巴斯昆》，《 1736 歷史年鑒》。 48. The dominating qualities of the novel are its excellent characterportrayal, timely entrances and exits, robustness of tone and hilarious, hearty ，及時的出場退場，筆調(diào)的遒勁及令人會心的幽默。 50. The History of Tom Jones is a masterpiece on the subject of human nature. 費(fèi)爾丁的