【正文】 mature play amp。 rhetoric.　Tamburlaine is a play about an ambitious amp。 sheer brutal force in conquering one enemy after another, Marlowe voiced the supreme desire of the man of the Renaissance for infinite power amp。 Influence　Achievements: Marlowe39。 made it the principal medium of English drama.　His second achievement is his creation of the Renaissance hero for English drama.The theme of his works is the praise of the Renaissance spirit.　His influence: A man of wide learning, Marlowe was one of the extra ordinary poets amp。s mighty line, as Ben Jonson called his blank verse, was one of the most important contributions to the art of English literature.　4. 應(yīng)用Dr. Faustus　The selection of ActⅠfrom Dr. Faustus is mainly about Faustus is showing his great ambition, that is, if he had many souls, he would give them all to the Devil so that he could control the world. In portraying Faustus, a more introspective amp。s downfall was caused by his despair in God amp。 fellow playwright Ben Jonson said that Shakespeare was not of an age but for all time. The 18thcentury English essayist Samuel Johnson described his work as the mirror of life. The 19thcentury English poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge spoke of myriadminded Shakespeare. The 20thcentury English dramatist George Bernard Shaw stressed his enormous power over language.　　2. 識記His Life amp。s birth is not known, but his baptism was recorded on April 26, 1564, in the parish register of Holy Trinity Church at StratfordonAvon. Since it was customary to baptize infants within two or three days of birth, April 23 is regarded as a reasonable birth date. It is also the date on which he died in 1616. Generally, his dramatic career is divided into 4 periods.　　The First Period (15901594)five historical plays amp。s Labor39。 two tragedies:　　　Richard Ⅱ (1595)　　　King John (1596)　　　Henry Ⅳ, Part Ⅰ amp。s Dream (1595)　　　The Merchant of Venice (1596)　　　Much Ado About Nothing (1598)　　　As You Like It (1599)　　　Twelfth Night (1600)　　　The Merry Wives of Winsor (1598)　　　Romeo amp。 two dark edies:　　　Hamlet 　　　Othello 　　　King Lear 　　　Macbeth　　　Antony amp。 Cressida 　　　Coriolonus 　　　All39。 two plays:　　　Pericles 　　　Cymbeline 　　　The Winte39。s authentic nondramatic poetry consists of two long narrative poems: Venus amp。 The Rape of Lucrece amp。s works.　　2) Effects on literature Shakespeare39。 poetry have had a pervasive influence on world literature. Most of the great literary figures of the world have been inspired amp。s contribution has been to the language amp。 parallels to Shakespeare39。s capacity to depict life in all its plexity amp。s character amp。 Bassanio, to idealize Portia as a heroine of great beauty, wit amp。 to expose the insatiable greed amp。s most popular play on the stage, for it has the qualities of a bloodandthunder thriller amp。 death. And the timeless appeal of this mighty drama lies in its bination of intrigue, emotional conflict amp。s recent death amp。s hasty remarriage with Claudius, his father39。s ghost, Hamlet is informed that Claudius has murdered his father amp。s throne amp。s foul amp。 plotting, amp。s death, Hamlet is obliged to inhabit a shadow world, to live suspended between fact amp。 action. His life is one of constant roleplaying, examining the nature of action only to deny its possibility, for he is too sophisticated to degrade his nature to the conventional role of a stage revenger. By characterizing Hamlet, Shakespeare successfully makes a philosophical exploration of life amp。 fantastic story, is known as the best of his final romances. The characters are rather allegorical amp。 to the dreams to solve the conflict. To Shakespeare, the whole life is no more than a dream. Thus, The Tempest is a typical example of his pessimistic view towards human life amp。s patron. The poems express the writer39。s disillusionment with the false ness of earthly life.　　The form of the poems is the English Variation of the traditional Italian, or Petrarchan, sonnet, Shakespeare39。 a final couplet. Their rhyme scheme is abab, cdcd, efef, gg. A theme is developed amp。 a concluding thought is presented in the couplet. 　　　B. Other poems　　Venus amp。 fame, is a conventional Elizabethan narrative poem. Its mythological story, taken from Ovids Metamorphoses, tells of the passionate love goddess who woos the reluctant youth Adonis.The Rape of Lucrece, another narrative of passion, is based on the semi historical story of the rape of a chaste Roman matron by Tarquin, son of the king of Rome.　5. 領(lǐng)會His Major Theme　1) Shakespeare is against religious persecution amp。 the corrupting influence of gold amp。 accepted the Renaissance views on literature.　6. 領(lǐng)會His Literary Achievements　　1) Characterization　　His major characters are neither merely individual ones nor type ones。 meanwhile, they may share features with others. The soliloquies in his plays fully reveal the inner conflict of his characters. Shakespeare also portrays his characters in pairs. Contrasts are frequently used to bring vividness to his characters. 　　The women in the plays are vivid creations, each differing from the others. Shakespeare was fond of portraying mocking wenches, such as Kate of the Taming of the Shrew, Rosaline of Love39。s Lost, amp。 innocent women, such as Ophelia in Hamlet, Desdemona in Othello, amp。 Regan, the ironwilled Lady Macbeth, the witty amp。 loyal Juliet, amp。s plays are well known for their adroit plot construction. He seldom invents his own plots。 Roman sources. There are usually several threads running through the play, thus providing the story with suspense amp。s time, English grammar amp。 pronouns as nouns. Such freedom gave his language an extraordinary flexibility, which enabled him to express his thoughts as easily in poetry as in prose. 　　Most of Shakespeare39。 mighty. He has an amazing wealth of vocabulary amp。 distortion of the meaning of the old ones also create striking effects on the reader.　　7. 應(yīng)用Selected Readings 　　　1) Sonnet 18　　Theme: a profound meditation on the destructive power of time