【正文】 (II)William Wordsworth 威廉 .華茲華斯 25. The poet Robert Southey as well as Coleridge lived nearby, and the three men became known as the “Lake Poets”.詩人騷塞 ,科勒律治也居住在同一地城 ,三人并稱為 ”湖畔詩 人 ”。 9. Imagination, defined by Coleridge, is the vital faculty that creates new wholes out of disparate elements. 科勒律治認為，想象是在全無聯(lián)系的各種元素上創(chuàng)立新 型整體的一種超凡的官能。 71. In contrast to those professional writers, Gray?s literary output was ，格雷作品極少。 60. Johnson was an energetic and versatile writer. He had a hand in all the different branches of literary 遜精力充沛，多才多藝，他還涉足各種各樣的文學領域。 44. Gulliver?s Travels: Jonathan?s best fictional work, the book contains four parts. Its social significance is great and its exploration into human nature profound. 《格列佛游記》：是斯威夫特最精彩的一部小說，全書分為四卷，它具有重大的社會意義，同時對人性的探索與揭示也是深刻的。 31. Defoe was a very good 。 17. Gothic novelsmostly stories of mystery and 主要講述恐怖神秘的故事。 4. Enlighteners held that rationality or reason should be the only, the final cause of any human thought and activities. They called for a reference to order, reason and 。 41. The Sons and Sons, by which Donne is probably best known, contains most of his early lyrics.《歌與短歌》是鄧恩最有名的詩集，囊括了他早期大多數(shù)愛情詩作。 24. The successful romantic tragedy is Romeo and Juliet, which eulogizes the faithfulness of love and the spirit of pursuing 《羅密歐與朱麗葉》中，頌揚了對愛的忠貞及對幸福的追求。 14. Marlowe?s second achievement is his creation of the Renaissance hero for English 創(chuàng)造了文藝復興時期的英雄形象。要點中英文對照版 第 1 頁，共 34 頁 Part one: English Literature Chapter1 The Renaissance period（ 14 世紀至十七世紀中葉）文藝復興時期 1. Humanism is the essence of the 。 15. His brilliant achievement as a whole raised him to an eminence as the pioneer of English 獻是不可磨滅的，為此，它被后世尊為英國戲劇的先驅(qū)。 25. Shakespeare?s greatest tragedies are: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. They have some characteristics in mon. Each portrays some noble ：《哈姆雷特》《奧賽羅》 《李爾王》《麥克白》 26. “The King?s government must be carried on”—but carried on for the good of the nation, not for the pleasure of the king.“國王的統(tǒng)治一定要萬古不變” 但是這種流傳百世萬古不變的統(tǒng)治是有利于國家利益的，而不是只為國王自己服務。 42. In his gloomy poem “Farewell to love,” we can see his 《告別愛情》中，我們就可以感受到他對愛情幻想的破滅。他們大力提倡秩序，理性及法律。 18. Jonathan Swift?s A Modest Proposal being generally regarded as the best model of satire, not only of the period but also in the whole English literary .斯威夫特的《一個小小的建議》被公認為英國文學史上諷刺作品的經(jīng)典。 32. His sentences are sometimes short, crisp and plain, and sometimes long and rambling, which leave on the reader an impression of casual ，樸素直白，時而又氣勢磅礴，潑墨如水，為讀者留下了敘述自由悠閑的印象。 (V)Henry Fielding 亨利 .費爾丁 45. During his career as a dramatist, Fielding had attempted a considerable number of forms of 里，費爾丁曾嘗試過許多不同的戲劇模式。 61. His chief works include pomes: “London”, and “The Vanity of Human Wishes”。 72. His masterpiece, “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard” was published in 1751. The poem once and for all established his fame as the leader of the sentimental poetry of the day, especially “the Graveyard School”.1757 年，他的代表作《墓園挽歌》出版這首詩奠定了他在當時作為感傷主義詩歌創(chuàng)始人的地位，尤其是從此他便成為“墓地詩歌”流派的代表。 10. The Romantics not only extol the faculty of imagination, but also elevate the concepts of spontaneity and inspiration, regarding them as something crucial for true ，還強調(diào)靈感與創(chuàng)作的自發(fā)性，認為有這兩種才智才能創(chuàng)造出真正的詩歌。 26. In 1842 he received a government pension, and in the following year he succeeded Southey as Poet 政府為他發(fā)了津貼，次年他壓倒騷塞成為了“桂冠詩人”。 24. Symbolism in wide range is also a distinctive feature of his 征。 8. Wordsworth defines the poet as a “man speaking to men,” and poetry as “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, which originates in emotion recollected in tranquillity.”華茲華斯認為詩人是對著廣大人民講話的人，而詩歌是強烈情感的自發(fā)流露，發(fā)乎情，止乎靜。 (VII)Thomas Gray 托馬斯 .格雷 70. he declined the Poet laureateship in 年，他竟謝絕了授予他的詩人桂冠獎。 59. In his famous Literary Club, where he was surrounded with respect by the elite of the literary 里，周圍圍滿了敬仰 他的文學精英。 43. Swift?s chief works are: A Tale of a Tub and The Battle of the Books, The Drapier’s Letters(note:Drapier=Swift, alias), Gulliver?s Travels and A Modest 《桶的故事》，《書籍的戰(zhàn)斗》，《德拉皮爾的信》，《格列佛游記》和《一個溫和的建議》。 30. In most of his works, he gave his praise to the hardworking, study middle class and showed his sympathy for the downtrodden, unfortunate ，他都表達了對勤勞，堅強的中產(chǎn)階級的贊譽，以及對破落不幸的窮苦人的同情。 16. From the middle part to the end of the century there was also an apparent shift of interest from the classic literary tradition to originality and imagination, from society to individual, and from the didactic to the confessional, inspirational and prophetic. 從十八世紀中葉至十八世紀末，還出現(xiàn)了古典文學傳統(tǒng)向獨創(chuàng)性與豐富聯(lián)想性的轉(zhuǎn)移，社會描寫向個性描寫的轉(zhuǎn)移，說教向懺悔，鼓勵及預示的轉(zhuǎn)移。 3. Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic 是用當代哲學與藝術思想的晨光啟迪整個世界。 40. His poems give a more inherently theatrical impression by exhibiting a seemingly unfocused diversity of experiences and attitudes, and a free range of feelings and ，展示了看上去零散多樣的經(jīng)歷與觀念，以及漫無邊際的情感與心境。 23. In his romantic edies, Shakespeare takes an optimistic attitude toward love and youth, and the romantic elements are brought into full ，莎士比亞以樂觀的態(tài)度對待愛情與青春，并將浪漫色彩渲染到極致。 13. Marlowe?s greatest achievement lies in that he perfected the blank verse and made it the principal medium of English ，并使之成為英國戲劇中最重要的文體形式。 2. the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all 為文藝復興的起源是因 為古希臘羅馬文明的基礎是以“人”為中心，人是萬物之靈。 16. The Passionate Shepherd to His Love《多情的牧羊人致情人》 《牧羊人戀歌》 要點中英文對照版 第 2 頁，共 34 頁 This short poem is considered to be one of the most beautiful lyrics in English 最優(yōu)美的抒情詩。 27. Thus, he finds no way to solve the social problems. In the end, the only thing he can do as a humanist is to escape from the reality to seek fort in his ，他才無力尋求到醫(yī)治各種社會痼疾的靈丹妙藥，最后，他作為人文主義所能做的唯一事情便是逃避現(xiàn)實，從夢幻中找安慰。 43. With the brief, simple language, the argument is continuous throughout t