【導(dǎo)讀】　　通過本章學(xué)習(xí)，了解文藝復(fù)興運動和人文主義思潮產(chǎn)生的歷史，文化背景，認(rèn)識該時期文學(xué)創(chuàng)作的基本特征和基本主張，及其對同時代及后世英國文學(xué)乃至文化的影響；了解該時期重要作家的文學(xué)生涯，創(chuàng)作思想，藝術(shù)特色及其代表作品的主題結(jié)構(gòu)，人物刻畫，語言風(fēng)格，思想意義等；同時結(jié)合注釋，讀懂所選作品，了解其思想內(nèi)容和寫作特色，培養(yǎng)理解和欣賞文學(xué)作品的能力。

　　

【正文】 ters who wrote under the influence of John Donne. With a rebellions spirit, the metaphysical poets tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan Love poetry. The diction is simple as pared with echoes the words amp。 cadences of mon speech. The imagery is drawn from the actual life. The form is frequently that of an argument with the poet39。s beloved, with God, or with himself. George Herbert, Andrew Marvell, Richard Crashaw, Henry Vaughan, Abraham Cowley, amp。 Thomas Traherne are also considered to be metaphysical poets. They wrote on a variety of religious amp。 secular themes, amp。 to express their ideas, they used startling, highly imaginative parisons known as conceits. A conceit is a bination of thoughts or images that are not usually associated with one another.　　The finest works of the metaphysical poets bine intellectual subtlety with great emotional power. The poems reflect a broad knowledge of science, art, amp。 other branches of learning. At the same time, metaphysical poems express an intense awareness of mon human feelings amp。 experiences, such as jealousy, the loss of religious faith, the plexities of love amp。 the fear of death. Although the imagery of metaphysical poetry is frequently strained, the language is often as natural amp。 direct as ordinary speech.　　2識記His major works　　In his life, Donne wrote a large number of poems amp。 prose works, His poems are especially admired for their unique bination of passionate feeling amp。 intellectual wit. Many of his poems rank with the finest in the English language. Among his most famous works are the poems Death Be Not Proud, Go amp。 Catch a Falling Star, The Ecstacy, amp。 A Valediction Forbidding Mourning. 　　Most of The Elegies amp。 Satires amp。 a good many of The Songs amp。 Sonnets were written in the early period. He wrote prose works mainly in the later period. His sermons, which are very famous, reveal his spiritual devotion to God as a passionate preacher.His works are classified as songs amp。 sonnets, epistles, elegies, amp。 satires. When read in chronological order, the poems reveal his development from Gay Jack Donne, a reckless amp。 cynical youth, to Dean John Donne, a man devoted to God.　　Donne39。s great prose works are his sermons, which are both rich amp。 imaginative, exhibiting the same kind of physical vigor amp。 scholastic plexity as his poetry. For example, the wellknown Devotions Upon Emergent Occasions (16231624). Written when he was seriously ill, they contain the famous passage: No Man is an island entire of itself。 every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main… Any man39。s death diminishes me, because I am involved in mankind, amp。 therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls。 it tolls for thee.　　3. 領(lǐng)會 Characteristics of His Poems 　　Donne39。s poetry is subtle, plex, amp。 often startling. He made expert use of such poetic techniques as the paradox, a statement that seems contradictory but actually contains truth, amp。 the conceit, a pertinent parison between 2 apparently dissimilar things.　　His early Lyrics most exist in The Songs amp。 Sonnets. Love is the basic theme. Donne holds that the nature of love is the union of soul amp。 body. The operations of the soul depend on the body. Idealism amp。 cynicism about love coexist in Donne39。s love poetry.　　As a religious poet, his chief power is shown in the Holy Sonnets amp。 the last hymns.　　In his poems, Donne frequently applies conceits, . extended metaphors involving dramatic contrasts. His poetry involves a certain kind of argument, sometimes in rigid syllogistic form. With the brief, simple language, the argument is continuous throughout the poem. 4. 應(yīng)用Selected Readings　　1) Death Be Not Proud, one of Donne39。s Holy Sonnets, is an almost Startling putdown of poor death. Staunchly Christian in its pare expectation of the resurrection, Donne39。s poem personifies death as an adversary swollen with false pride amp。 unworthy of being called mighty amp。 dreadful. Donne gives various reasons in accusing death of being little more than a slave bossed about by fate, chance, kings amp。 desperate mena craven thing that keeps bad pany, such as poison, was amp。 sickness. Finally, Donne taunts death with a paradox: death, thou shalt die. 　　The sonnet is written in the strict Petrarchan pattern. It reveals the poet39。s belief in life after death: death is eternal.　　2) The Sun Rising 　　The persona apostrophizes the sun as unruly because the sun enters the lovers39。 secret room without their approval. The speaker criticizes the sun pays too much attention to such things as sex amp。 that he should not be behaving so tediously as to stick to his rule amp。 enter without thinking twice into such a place as lovers dwell.Ⅵ. John Milton Brief Introduction 　　John Milton, English poet amp。 prose writer, born in London, England, Dec. 9, 1608, and died in London, Nov 8, 1674. 　　Milton was one of the greatest poets in the English language amp。 one of the towering figures in all literature. His masterpiece, Paradise Lost, is considered the unsurpassed English epic poem. It is a powerfully imaginative amp。 dramatic work, based in part on the Biblical story of the temptation amp。 fall of Adam amp。 Eve in the Garden of Eden. Milton, a deeply religious man, wrote the epic to justify the ways of God to men. He is also famous for his graceful lyric poems, such as Lycidas, L39。Allegro, amp。 for his intensely moving sonnets.　　　Milton was a great master of language, amp。 his poetry, both epic amp。 lyric, is admired for its sublime eloquence amp。 rich musical quality. 　　2. 識記His literary achievements 　　Milton39。s literary achievements can be divided into three groups: the early poetic works, the middle prose pamphlets amp。 the last great poems.　　1) Education amp。 Early Poetry　　Milton39。s education would ordinarily have led him to a post in the Church of England. He was a Puritan, however, amp。 his religious vies conflicted with those of the Church. After his 7 years at Cambridge, therefore, he retired in 1632 to his father39。s esta