【正文】 245263頁(yè) Written English News 1 Type: 硬新聞（簡(jiǎn)訊 1event、電訊稿 agency）、中間（通訊 full, literary、特寫 feature、新聞評(píng)論editorial）、軟新聞 periodical essay ABC: Accurate, Brief, Clear。 fun/rhetorical, onthespot, objective, eyecatching, plainreporting (fact, number, quote, subordin)。 judging, vague, ―most/all‖。 Seman Struct: headline + lead + body。 Graph devi: headlining arrangement。 elliptical, phrasal headlines。 5element lead: who, what, when, where, why or how。 Invertedpyramid body: anticlimax/chronolo。 Written English News 2 Lexicallycatchy: short (eye), daily (back), vivid (hawk), meta (snowball), exagg (sky rocket), specialized (UPI, ABC), shortened (nuke, biz), foreign (blitz), slang (nuts), jargon (Olevel), new (oldbase / transfer (trauma), nonce (Xerocracy), analogy (oilwise, teachin)), phrase (go in for) and abortion。 war of words。 ban, bid, voice, boost, deal, showdown。 the 3 I’s, steelcollar, outscore, gate, izen。 pic, narc, mike, gym, vet Written English News 3 ? Syntacticallycatchy: simple expanded (st short) + all types, heavmodified/phrasalized, pre nominal/pound modifier (weeklong, ceasefire, 40yearold)。 ellipt ―that, 冠詞，系詞，代詞，助動(dòng)詞，介詞” 。 逗號(hào)代連詞 。 tensevarying。 passivevoice。 dashparenthesis。 post ―sb. said‖。 rhetorical。 ? But there is another lesson of the 1930s. It is that although capitalism survives it is capable of retreating behind a protectionist shell, at great cost to global prosperity. This is a real danger today. The ―Buy American‖ provisions in President Barack Obama39。s fiscal boost are an ominous sign. The impulse to resort to protection when economic hardship suddenly strikes is, of course, always present. But there is today a dangerous new factor which magnifies the threat. The leaders of some of America39。s largest corporations have already joined up with anised labour (the AFLCIO) to urge Congress to impose tariffs against imports from countries (such as China, for example) which are understandably unwilling to bear the heavy costs of an obligation to curb their carbon dioxide emissions. There is considerable support in Europe, notably within the European Commission and in France, for a similar approach. 練習(xí) 12: 報(bào)刊新聞?wù)? ? That capitalism has been shown, in practice, to be endemically flawed should e as no surprise. That is the nature of mankind. What is more important is that history, notably the history of the world after the second world war, has demonstrated beyond dispute that every other system of economic anization is far worse. So capitalism both deserves to survive, and will survive, just as it did after the even greater economic disaster of the 1930s. ? It is essential, both in the US and in Europe, that this is resolutely rejected. The first and most important requirement for the future of capitalism is the preservation of globalisation, and the massive benefits it confers on mankind, in particular in the developing world. There are, inevitably, costs of globalisation。 but they are hugely outweighed by the benefits. So resistance to protection, whatever arguments may be used in its favour, must be rigorously maintained. Nor is this an exclusively economic argument. It is a moral imperative, as well. Moreover, a trade war with China could well have unpredictable, and potentially highly damaging, political consequences. ? So there does need to be a change to the banking system. In a nutshell, we need to return, in all major financial centers, to the separation of mercial banking from investment banking that was enforced in the US under the 1933 GlassSteagall Act, until it was repealed by President Bill Clinton in the 1990s. This is all the more important since we now live in an age in which the acquisition of wealth appears to count for more than reputation. ? But will capitalism need to change in the future? Again, the lesson of history is that the answer is ―not really‖. The economic cycle is endemic and inescapable, and everyone (with the exception of prime minister Gordon Brown) has always known this. What the current crisis does underline, however, is that a cyclical downturn associated with a collapse of the banking system is by an order of magnitude worse than a normal cyclical downturn. ? Achieving this will not be easy or popular in banking circles, but it can be done. We have time to get it right: this is not firefighting, but fireproofing. 練習(xí) 13：文學(xué)與 8級(jí) 1 adversity ? Comfort and prosperity have never enriched the world as much as adversity has. Out of pain and problems have e the sweetest songs, and the most gripping story. Our burdens can have the same effect on our lives. As Christians face storms of adversity, they may rise more beauty. They are like trees that grow on mountain ridges—battered by winds, yet trees in which we find the strongest wood. 練習(xí) 13：文學(xué)與 8級(jí) 2 ? The Fall of Freddie the Leaf ? Spring had passed. So had Summer. Freddie the leaf had grown large. His mid section was wide and strong, and his five extensions were firm and pointed. He had first appeared in Spring as a small sprout on a rather large branch near the top of a tall tree. ? Freddie loved being a leaf. He loved his branch, his light leafy friends, his place high in the sky, the wind that jostled him about, the sun rays that warmed him, the moon that covered him with soft, white shadows. 續(xù) ? Freddie especially liked the old people. They sat so quietly on the cool grass and hardly ever moved. They talked in whispers of times past. The children were fun, too, even though they sometimes tore holes in the bark of the tree or carved their names into it. Still, it was fun to watch them move so fast and to laugh so much. But Freddie39。s Summer soon passed. It