【導讀】Manipulatorisnowusedasaindustrialrobotsinuse,thecontrolbjectivesoftenappearofteninindustrialautomation.Industrialautomationtechnolgyhasgraduallymatured,asmatureatechnolgylinehasbeenrapiddevelopmentinindustrialautomationasaseparatesubject.Manipulatorapplicationbegantofilterintowelding,logistics,mechanicalprocesing,andotherindustries.Especiallyathighorverylowtemperatures,fulofpoisonousgases,highradi

　　

【正文】 ny developed count ry agr icult ur e and industr y has been applied, such as t he use of m echanical harvesting lar ge ar eas of f arm land, r epeat ed oper at ions on t he highspeed line t hat uses a r obotic arm , and so n. Today, t he high level of aut omation bined wit h r estr ictions on t he m anipulator development level is slight ly lower t han t he int er national. The design is m ainly arm welding m achine by PLC Aut om ation contr ol. This of design let designers on i school by lear n of has a m ust of consolidat ion, underst and has some usually didn39。t opport unit ies awar eness in world r ange wit hin som e leading level of knowledge has has m ust awar eness, hope designers can in yihou of design in t he can sucess of using in t his design i t he pr oceeds of experience 1. 2 m anipulator in bot h at hom e and abroad of r esearch pr ofile aut om ation m echanical ar m r esearch began Yu 20t h cent ur y m ediumt erm, af t er years wit h wit h put er and aut omation t echnol gy of developm ent , M akes m echanical ar m on t he Gr and st age of industrial aut om at ion and shine, gradually became an industr ial evaluation st andar ds, and it s im por tance can be seen. Now original r obot ic arm spent m ost of m ass pr oduct ion and use on t he pr oduct ion li e, which is pr ogr ammed r obot ic arm. As t he f ir st gener ation of manipulat or posit ion contr ol syst ems m ain f eatur es, alt hough not back sever al gener ations t hat can detect t he external envir onm ent, but can stil successfuly plete like welding, painting, deliver y as well as for materials simple m ovements. Second generation mechanical ar ms ar e equipped wit h sensor s and manipulat or s have t he envir onment her e is a cert ain amount of sense, when t he m echanical ar m is t o use t he pr ogram as a basis. Dif fer ence is t hat t he r obot begand contiue ,1Cwlgf40z28yx%B9T:/kqL)181。~F36D(+SG7K anipulat or contr ol m ode and programm able cont r oler s int r oduct ion 2. 1 Select discusion wit h m anipulator contr ol 2. 1. 1 classif ication of contr ol r elays and discr et e electr onic cir cuit can contr ol ld industr ial equipm ent, but also more m on. M ainly t hese t wo r elatively cheap and you can meet t he oldf ashioned, sim ple ( or sim ple) industr ial equipm ent. So he can see t hem now, however t hese t wo cont r ol m odes ( r elay and iscrete electr onic cir cuit s) ar e t hese f at al f laws: ( 1) cannot adapt t o t he plex logic contr ol, ( 2) only f or t he cur rent pr oj ect, he lack of patibilt y and ( 3) not r ef or ming t he system wit h equipm ent im provements. Spring f or t he developm ent of China39。s m oder n i dust rial aut om at ion t echnol gy t he subst antial incr ease in t he level of industrial aut om at ion, plet ed t he per fect r elay of t he put er t oo m uch. I n t erm s of contr oling t he put er showed his t wo gr eat advant ages: ( 1) each of t he har dware can be installed on one or m ore micr opr ocessor s。 ( 2) t he of ficial designer of t he sof t war e wr itng content cont rol is all about. Now in sever al ways in t he cont ext of indust rial aut om ation can of t en be seen in t hr ee ways: ( 1) Pr ogr amm able Logical Cont roler (r ef err ed t o as I PC)。 ( 2) Dist ribut ed Contr ol Sys tem ( DCS f or short ), and ( 3) t he Pr ogram mable Logical Contr oler ( PLC f or shor t). . 2 PLC and t he I PC and DCS cont rast contr ast 1, each of t he t hree t echnologies of or igins and developm ent r equir em ent s f or f ast dat a pr ocessing m akes it invented t he puter. The m en brought in t erm s of har dwar e t here, using a high level of st andar dization, can use m or e pat ibilt y t ools, is a r ic h sof t war e r esour ces, especially t he need f or imm ediacy in oper ational syst em s. So t he put er can eff ectively cont r ol is us ed t o cont rol and m eet it s peed, on t he vir t ual m odel, r eal t ime and in putational r equir em ents. Dist ributed system start ed wit h a cont rol syst em f or indust rial aut om at ic nst r ument used t o contr ol, whereas now it is sucessf uly developed int o indust r ial cont rol puter used as a centr al colect ion and distr ibut ion syst em and t ransit ion of dist ributed contr ol system in analogue handling, loop cont rol, has begun to r ef lect t he use of a huge advant age. Though dist ribut ed system has gr eat advant ages in loop r egulation, but only as a means of cont inuous process cont rol. Optimization of PLC is t he cor esponding r elay needs was bor n, it s m ain use in t he wor k or der contr ol, early pr imary is r eplaced r elay t his hulking system, f ocused on the switch contr oling t he r uning order of funct ions. M ar ked by the microprocessor in t he early 1970 of t he 20t h century emerged, m icroelectronics t echnol gy has developed r apidly, people soon microelect ronics pr ocessing t echnol gy wil be used in t he Pr ogrammable Logical Contr oler ( t hat is 讀一讀，體會作者當時人樹相融的感受。 感受幻境，體會寫法。 ②第 5 自然段：通過朗讀，感受與山中朋友的親熱。 朗讀，讀得親切、熱情，像是在對老朋友打招呼。 體會寫法：排比的句式、擬人的手法。 ③第 6 自然段：難點是體驗作者是在用心地感受。 從“一朵落花”“一片落葉”“一塊石頭”中，讓我們感覺到生命的輪回、世事的變遷。這就是大自然的魅力。只有像作者那樣用心地去感受，才能感受得到。 ④第 7 自然段：一場 突如其來的雨，給作者帶來了意想不到的驚喜，也使我們感受到大自然真是變幻莫測，令人陶醉。 學習首尾，體會寫法 （ 1）再讀文章的開頭和結尾，你們又感受到了什么？ 作者清晨進山，到“帶回一路月色”，從這兒看出他在山中整整一天，讓我們強烈地感受到了人與自然的那份親密無間。 （ 2）體會寫法：文章的開頭和結尾，首尾呼應，前后兩次寫到“滿懷的好心情”，突出“山中訪友”之行充滿了好心情， 課外延伸，強化體驗 在作者的眼里，這一花一樹，一鳥一石，一山一水都成了有生命的人。她們能跟我們說話，能跟 我們交流，她們成了我們的朋友，難怪作者進山看景，變成了“山中訪友”。 這種類體驗，你們也有過嗎？和同學交流交流。 背誦積累，提升感悟 選自己喜歡的句子或段落背下來。 （浙江省嵊州市剡山小學 陳潔敏） 2《山雨》教學設計 學習目標 1．有感情地朗讀課文，背誦自己喜歡的部分。 2．感受山雨帶韻味，體會作者對山雨的喜愛，領略大自然的秀美。 3．學習作者通過聯(lián)想和想象來表達獨特感受的方法。 課前準備 1． 讀不同作家寫雨的作品。 2．準備優(yōu)美抒情的輕音樂作品 。 談話導入，揭示課題 自然界中，美無處不在，只要細致觀察，用心傾聽，你一定能發(fā)現(xiàn)美。今天我們要學的課文就是作者細致觀察、用心傾聽后描繪的自然景觀。 揭示課題：山雨 初讀課文，整