【正文】 隨著我國經(jīng)濟建設(shè)的飛速發(fā)展，能源供應(yīng)日趨緊張，國家對節(jié)能工作也越來越重視。節(jié)約能源是造福子孫后代的大事，不容忽視。本次道路新建、改造工程設(shè)計在以下方面采取措施體現(xiàn)節(jié)能效果。合理確定道路斷面，可降低系統(tǒng)能耗；，道路新建、改造及相關(guān)工程合理選線，最優(yōu)化的工程和布置方案可最終降低能耗。第五章 勞動安全 本工程主要生產(chǎn)過程中產(chǎn)生的危害，包括火災(zāi)事故、機械傷害、噪聲震動、觸電事故、墜落及碰撞等各種因素。針對生產(chǎn)過程中產(chǎn)生的各種危害應(yīng)采取以下相應(yīng)措施： 開挖槽、坑；開挖深度超過2米，必須在邊沿處設(shè)兩道護身欄設(shè)置上下人員梯子，夜間應(yīng)設(shè)紅色標志燈。 腳手架搭必須符合操作規(guī)程，嚴禁鋼木混搭；腳手板堅實并鋪嚴，不得有空隙、探頭板和飛跳板。腳手板下層都設(shè)水平安全網(wǎng)，腳手板對接處設(shè)雙排小橫欄桿和一道腳手板，里掛安全網(wǎng)，下口封平。 氧氣瓶、乙炔瓶的安全裝置齊全，嚴禁暴曬；兩瓶間距不小于5米，與明火距離不小于10米。 磚、鋼模板碼放穩(wěn)固，腳手架上碼磚的高度不準超過3層側(cè)磚。 木工機械、鋼筋加工機械、起重機、攪拌機的各類防護裝置齊全、靈敏、可靠、定期進行檢查、整改；吊索用具必須使用合格產(chǎn)品。 現(xiàn)場臨時用電路必須按規(guī)定范圍埋設(shè)整齊，不采用架空線，臨時引接必須采用防水電纜；施工機具、車輛及人員應(yīng)與內(nèi)外電線路保持響應(yīng)的安全距離，達不到規(guī)范規(guī)定要求時，必須采用可靠的防護措施。 配電系統(tǒng)采用三相五線的接零保護系統(tǒng)；實行三級配電兩極漏電保護方式；動力、照明單獨設(shè)置，各類配電箱的安裝和內(nèi)部設(shè)置必須符合有關(guān)規(guī)定，箱內(nèi)電器必須可靠完好；其選型定植符合規(guī)定，開關(guān)電器標明用途，嚴禁使用木制閘箱，各種機具的金屬外殼需接零保護。 移動式機械設(shè)備和手持電動機具應(yīng)符合國家標準的有關(guān)規(guī)定；工具的電源插頭、插座應(yīng)完好無損，電源線不得任意接長和調(diào)換，維修和保管應(yīng)由專人負責(zé)。 電焊應(yīng)單獨設(shè)開關(guān)并裝設(shè)漏電保護裝置；一次線長度不大于5米，二次線長度小于3 O米，兩側(cè)接線應(yīng)接牢固，并安裝可靠防護護罩；雙線到位不得借用金屬管道、腳手架等作回地線路，不得泡在水中。 1O、設(shè)備吊裝時，吊點位置要正確，鋼絲繩索選擇合理。吊裝作業(yè)要編制單獨的安全作業(yè)措施，有專人指揮操作。 制定嚴格的操作規(guī)程和紀律，對上崗、操作工人均需進行技術(shù)培訓(xùn)及安全教育，加強自身保護意識，嚴守操作規(guī)程。第六章 管理機構(gòu)及人員編制第一節(jié)管理機構(gòu) 本期工程建成后，道路長度與規(guī)劃道路長度基本相同，為做好服務(wù)，加強對市區(qū)道路設(shè)施的維護管理和養(yǎng)護，由市政設(shè)施所現(xiàn)有管理機構(gòu)負責(zé)管理、養(yǎng)護、維修。第二節(jié)人員編制根據(jù)工程規(guī)模參照建設(shè)部頒發(fā)的行業(yè)定員標準，新工程運行后現(xiàn)有人員編制不能滿足行業(yè)定員標準，所以定員增補可采取多種形式進行，負責(zé)、養(yǎng)護、維修。第七章 組織機構(gòu)與實施進度 烏海市海勃灣區(qū)2 0 0 5道路新建、改造工程是我市重要城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項目之一，項目實施原則與步驟符合國家基本建設(shè)的程序，并滿足國家對基本建設(shè)項目的有關(guān)要求。第一節(jié) 實施原則 本工程項目的實施首先應(yīng)符合國家基本建設(shè)項目的審批程序。 建立專門機構(gòu)作為項目的執(zhí)行單位，負責(zé)項目實施的組織協(xié)調(diào)和管理工作。 3由市建委委派或指定擔(dān)任項目實施負責(zé)人，作為項目的法人。 項目的設(shè)計供貸、施工、安裝等履行單位，應(yīng)與項目執(zhí)行單位履行必要的法律手段，違約責(zé)任按國家有關(guān)法律規(guī)定執(zhí)行。項目執(zhí)行單位應(yīng)與項目履行單位開展工作積極創(chuàng)造條件，項目履行單位也應(yīng)對工程負責(zé)，保質(zhì)保量按期完成項目實施。第二節(jié) 實施進度本次道路新建、改造工程預(yù)計按以下計劃實施：2008年1月開始編制初步設(shè)計2008年2月完成初步設(shè)計2008年4月完成施工圖設(shè)計2008年5月開始施工建設(shè)2008年11月完成全部工程第八章 投資估算根據(jù)2007年四季度人工材料、機械價格，估算道路工程投資為：A路：1500萬元包括：（1）開炸石方11萬立方米； （2）瀝青混凝土4厘米厚；（3）天然砂礫墊層41600平方米；（4）水泥穩(wěn)定土基層42500平方米；（5）路基填方109000方；（6）橋涵3座；（7）防護工程6000方；（8）。B路：700萬元包括：（1）路面層8厘米厚，瀝青混凝土；（2）基層30厘米厚，水泥穩(wěn)定砂礫基層；（3）天然砂礫墊層18厘米；（4）；C路：300萬元包括：（1）路面層8厘米厚，瀝青混凝土；（2）基層30厘米厚，水泥穩(wěn)定砂礫基層；（3）天然砂礫墊層18厘米；（4）；園區(qū)內(nèi)部路網(wǎng)改造：1000萬元包括：（1）橋涵2座； （2）路長5公里； 總投資：3500萬元。 烏海市海南經(jīng)濟開發(fā)區(qū)西來峰項目區(qū)道路新建、改造工程可行性研究報告共一冊烏海市經(jīng)緯市政工程設(shè)計有限責(zé)任公司二OO七年十二月summing up the plot. A theme is usually stated in general words. Another try sounds like this: “Solitary people need a orderly place where they can drink with dignity.” That is a little better. We have indicated that Hemingway’s story is more than merely about an old man and two waiters. We remember that at the end the story is entirely confined to the older waiter’s thoughts and perceptions. How do we understand his mediation on “nada,” nothingness, which bears so much emphasis? No good statement of the theme of the story can leave it out. Then we have still another try: “Solitary people need a place of refuge from their terrible awareness that their life (or perhaps, human life) is essentially meaningless.” Neither this nor any other statement of the story’s theme is unarguably appropriate, but the statement at least touches one primary idea that Hemingway seems to be driving at. After we read “A Clean, WellLighted Place,” we feel that there is such a theme, a unifying vision, even though we cannot reduce it to a tag and we may still vary in our opinion about, and statement of, the theme. Moral inferences drawn from most stories: Moral inferences may be drawn from most stories, no doubt, even when an author does not intend his/her story to be read this way. In “A Clean, WellLighted Place”, we feel that Hemingway is indirectly giving us advice for properly regarding and sympathizing the lonely, the uncertain, and the old. But obviously the story does not set forth a lesson that we are supposed to put into practice. We can say for sure that “A Clean, WellLighted Place” contains several themes and other statements could be made to take in Hemingway’s view of love, of munication between people, of dignity. Great stories, like great symphonies, frequently have more than one theme. When we say that the title of Pride and Prejudice conveys the theme of the novel or that Uncle Tom’s Cabin and The Grapes of Wrath treat the themes of slavery and migratory labor respectively, this is to use theme in a larger and more abstract sense than it is in our discussion of Hemingway’s “A Clean, WellLighted Place.” In this larger sense it is relatively easy to say that Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn, Updike’s A amp。 P, and Faulkner’s Barn Burning concern the theme of “initiation into maturity.” Such general descriptions of theme can be useful, especially if we want to sort a large number of stories and novels into rough categories, but the fact that they are similar in theme does not mean that they mean the same thing. The attitude towards the theme may be very different: the tone of treatment may be, for example, either ic or tragic, straightforward or ironic. The writer’s vision of life is the special underlying fact of a story, and a theme, abstractly stated, is not the same thing as a vision of life. And we suggest anyway that, in the beginning, you look for whatever truth or insight you think the writer of a story intends to reveal. Try to state a theme in a sentence. By doing so, we will find ourselves looking closely at the story. Kennedy and Gioia make a helpful suggestion to consider the following points when we think about the theme of a story:Look back once more at the title of the story. What does it indicate in relation to the whole story?Does the main character in any way change in the story? Does this character arrive at any eventual realization or understanding? Are you left with any realization or understanding after finishing reading the story?Does the author (through the narrator) make any general observations about life or human nature? Do the characters make any (Caution: Characters now and again will utter opinions with which the reader is not necessarily su