【導(dǎo)讀】.....1. ....3. 10. 16. 20. 25. ..28. .33. 37. .....40. .......43. 48. ..53. .56. ....58. ....61. 64. ...66. 71. ..76. ...81. ..85. 91. ..94. 98. Part2...101. 129. cargoes,suchasgrain.

　　

【正文】 ship should be heeled one side or the other. The difference between the forward and after draughts of s ship is called the ?trim‘, so that trim T=da df, and as previously stated the ship will the said to be trimming by the stern or the bow according as the draught aft or the draught forward is in excess. For a given total load on the ship the draught will have its least value when the ship is on an even keel. This is an important point when a ship is navigating in restricted depth of water or when entering a dry dock. Usually a ship should be designed to float on an even keel in the fully loaded condition, and if this is not attainable a small trim by the stern is aimed at. Trim by the bow is not considered desirable and should be avoided as it reduces the ?height of platform‘ forward and increases the liability to take water on board in rough seas. Freeboard Freeboard may be defined as the distance which the ship projects above the surface of the water or the distance measured downwards from the deck to the waterline. The freeboard to the weather deck, for example, will vary along the length of the ship because of the sheer of the deck and will also be affected by the trim, if any. Usually the freeboard will be a minimum at amidships and will increase towards the ends. Freeboard has an important influence on the seaworthiness of a ship. The greater the freeboard the greater is the above water volume, and this volume provides reserve buoyancy, assisting the ship to rise when it goes through waves. The above water volume can also help the ship to remain afloat in the event of damage. It will be seen later that freeboard has an important influence on the range of stability. Minimum freeboards are laid down for ships under International Law in the form of Load Line Regulations. (from ―Naval Architecture for Marine Engineers‖ by , 1975) 11 Technical Terms 1. principal dimension 主要尺度 2. naval architecture 造船（工程）學(xué) 3. 造船工程（設(shè)計(jì)）師 4. length between perpendiculars (LBP) 垂線間長 5. summer load waterline 夏季載重水線 6. forward/after perpendicular 首 /尾垂線 7. rudder post 尾柱 8. stem 首柱 9. rudder pintle 舵銷 10. length over all (LOA) 總長 11. overhang （水線以上）懸伸部分 12. bulbous bow 球鼻艏 13. length on the waterline （ LWL）水線長 14. amidship 船中 15. breath moulded 型寬 16. breath extreme 最大船寬 17. shell plating 船殼板 18. rivet 鉚接 19. weld 焊接 20. strake （船殼板）列板 21. fender 護(hù)舷木 22. deck area 甲板面積（區(qū)域） 23. cross channel vessel 海峽船 24. port 港口，船的左舷 25. side 舷側(cè)（邊） 26. quay 碼頭 27. depth moulded 型深 28. plating of deck 甲板板 29. base line 基線 30. upper deck 上甲板 31. second deck 第二甲板 32. the uppermost continuous deck 最上層連續(xù)甲板 33. rounded gunwale 圓弧舷邊頂部 34. moulded line 型線 35. sheer 舷弧 36 .ends 船端 37 .deck line at side 甲板邊線 deck at side line 甲板邊線 deck at side 甲板邊線 38 .profile 縱剖面（圖），輪廓 39 .sheer forward/aft 首 /尾舷 40 .platform 平臺 41 .rough sea 強(qiáng)浪，洶濤海面 42 .seakeeping 耐波性 43 .appearance 外形（觀），出現(xiàn) 44 .camber 梁拱 round of beam 梁拱 45. weather deck 露天甲板 46 .drainage 排水 47 .upright 正浮，直立 48 .at rest 在靜水中 49. acmodation 居住艙，適應(yīng) 50. bilge radius 舭（部）半徑 midship section 船中剖面 52 .bilge 舭（部） 53 .rise of floor 船底升高 54 .flat of keel 龍骨寬 55. flat plate keel 平板龍骨 56 .vertical center girder 中桁材 57 .bevel 折射角，將直角鋼改為斜角 58 .connecting angle 聯(lián)接角鋼 59 .tumble home 內(nèi)傾 60 .sailing ship 帆船 61 .steel merchant ship 鋼質(zhì)商船 62 .bar 棒，巴（氣壓單位） 63. rake 傾斜 64 .draught 吃水，草圖，通風(fēng) 65. even keel 等吃水，正浮 66 .trimmed by the stern/bow 尾 /首傾 67 .moulded draught 型吃水 68 .extreme draught 最大吃水 69. bar keel 棒龍骨 70 .‖drawing‖“吃水” marks 吃水標(biāo)志 72 .imperial unit 英制單位 73 .metric unit 公制單位 74. spacing 間距 75 .hogging 中拱 76 .sagging 中垂 77 .heel 橫傾 78. dry dock 干船塢 79 .fully loaded condition 滿載標(biāo)志 80 .freeboard 干舷 81 .seaworthiness 適航性 82 .reserve buoyancy 儲備浮力 83 .range of stability 穩(wěn)性范圍 Line Regulations 載重線規(guī)范 12 Additional Terms and Expressions 1. form coefficients 船型系數(shù) 2. block coefficient 方型系數(shù) 3. prismatic coefficient 棱型系數(shù) 4. midship area coefficient 船中橫剖面面積系數(shù) 5. waterplane area coefficient 水線面面積系數(shù) 6. vertical prismatic coefficient 豎向棱型系數(shù) 7. body section of Uform U 形橫剖面 8. Vshaped section V 形橫剖面 9. geometrically similar ships 幾何相似船 10. base plane 基平面 11. center plane 中線面 12. midstation plane 中站面 13. moulded base line 基線 14. length breadth ratio 長度比 15. cruiser stern 巡洋艦型尾 16. principal coordinate planes 主坐標(biāo)面 17. transom 方尾 18. soft chine 圓舭 19. hard chine 尖舭 20. counter 尾伸部 21. forefoot 首踵 22. aftfoot 尾踵 23. deadwood 尾鰭（呆木） Notes to the Text 1. as will be seen later 和 as is the case in the length between perpendiculars 中 as 引出的從句為非限制性定語從句。關(guān)系代詞 as 代替整個主句，并在從主語中作主語。 as 也可在從句中作賓語，表語用。 2. A third length 序數(shù)字前面，一般用定冠詞“ the”，但當(dāng)作者心目中對事物總數(shù)還不明確，或還不足以形成一個明確的序列時，序數(shù)字前面用不定冠詞“ a”。例： will they have to modify the design a fourth time? (它們的設(shè)計(jì)究竟要修改多少次，心中無數(shù)，但依次下來已是第四次，所以用不定冠詞“ a”。 ) 3. This is the distance measured on the waterline at which the ship is floating from the intersection of the stern with the waterline to the intersection of the stem with the waterline. 這是一個符合據(jù)。其中 at which the ship is floating 為定語從句，修飾 the waterline. from the intersection of the stern (with the waterline 為 intersection 所要求的介詞短語 )to the intersection of the stern(with the waterline 為第二個 intersection 所要求的介詞短語）都屬于介詞短語，作狀語用，說明測量的范圍。 4. 參見第一課注 5. quay 一般指與海岸平行的碼頭 pier 系指與海岸或呈直角面突出的碼頭 wharf 一般用于的碼頭 6. the deck line continued 和 the stern produced 為過去分詞作后置定語，分別修飾“ the deck line 和 the stern .都可譯成“延長時”。 considerable variation was made from these standard values 和 departures were made from the parabolic sheer pro