【正文】 嘲笑的（方法、方式）。例如： Must you always be so sarcastic when I ask you anything? 每當(dāng)我問(wèn)你時(shí)，你有必要總是這樣嘲笑嗎？satiric 指喜好諷刺的、含有諷刺的。例如： Gulliver’s Travels is a satiric book. 《格利弗游記》是一部諷刺小說(shuō)。ironic 指諷刺的、具有諷刺意味的。例如： It was ironic that he should have been invited to play for the Scotland team on the very day that he broke his legs. 具有諷刺意味的是他正好在跌斷腿的那一天收到了要為蘇格蘭隊(duì)踢球的邀請(qǐng)。2. (Para. 2) convert: vt. change the nature, purpose, or function of something* The room was converted from a kitchen to a lavatory.(=Many kinds of clean energy are converted into electricity, since they cause less environmental pollution.) CF: reform, convert amp。 revise 這三個(gè)詞都是動(dòng)詞，都有“改良”、“改變”之意。reform 指為除掉不完善、不圓滿的東西而做的激烈變革。例如：The Chinese government has reformed the pattern of economic construction. 中國(guó)政府改革了其經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的模式。convert 指為了能適應(yīng)新的用途或目的，而改變某一事物的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。例如：They converted the study into a nursery when the baby was born. 嬰兒出生時(shí)他們把書房改成了育嬰室。revise 指先仔細(xì)考慮和檢查，找出需要改正、改善的地方，然后進(jìn)行必要的變動(dòng)。例如： The dictionary has been pletely revised. 這部詞典已徹底修訂過(guò)了。3. (Para. 3) distinguish: vt. 1) recognize the difference between (people or things) * People who cannot distinguish between colors are said to be colorblind. *這對(duì)孿生兒長(zhǎng)得很像, 無(wú)人能分辨出誰(shuí)是誰(shuí).(=The twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one from the other.) 2) deserve to be noticed by doing sth. very well(=She distinguished herself by her patience and bravery.)* Peter first distinguished himself by winning a junior tournament at Wimbledon. 4. (Para. 4) credit: n. 1) praise。 approval。 recognition (=He got all the credit for the discovery.) *事情是我做的, 她卻受到稱贊. (=She was given the credit for what I had done.)2) recognition by a college or university that a course of studies has been successfully pleted* He received full credit for his studies at a previous school.* Our music teacher will give us extra credit if we write a report on the performance.3) belief or confidence in the truth of sth.* 該商店改變了人們對(duì)網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物的看法，贏得了大家的信任。(=The store has received credit for changing people39。s opinions about buying over the Internet.)* We believe our good credit and products with high quality would win your trust.Collocation:be a credit to sb. 為…增光 give sb. credit 對(duì)…表示肯定 deserve credit 值得表?yè)P(yáng)5. () apply: 1. vi. make a formal request(=Whoever has interest in it can apply for membership.)* If you do have difficulty in finance, you can apply for student loans.2. vt. put to or adapt for a special use*他以極大的熱情投入到新的工作中去。(=He applied himself to his new duties with great energy.) *We should not only know the theory but also be aware of how to apply it in practice.6. () crave: v. have a strong desire for sth.* The tired old man craved for rest. * All the men present are not hesitant to give her the admirations she craves. 7. () decent: adj. 1) proper。 acceptable (=The hospital has no decent equipment.) *We must provide decent housing for the poor. 2) not likely to shock or embarrass others。 modest *第一次見(jiàn)面時(shí)得體的衣著會(huì)給人留下好印象。(=A decent dressing at first meeting will leave a good impression.) . * That one isn39。t decent. You should wear an evening dress, not a pair of jeans. 3) satisfactory。 quite good * A decent job, an affectionate wife and several lovely kids are all that a man dreams of and strives for. * 在那家公司工作挺不錯(cuò).(=They39。re a decent firm to work for.)8. () disadvantage: n. the quality of having an inferior or less favorable position* 沒(méi)有適當(dāng)?shù)墓步煌üぞ呤呛懿环奖愕?(=The lack of decent public transport is a great disadvantage.)(=His lack of education was a disadvantage when he looked for a job.) * But in the contest for really marketable skills, government will often be at a disadvantage.Collocation:at a disadvantage 處于不利地位，處于不利情況之下put someone at a disadvantage 使某人處于不利地位take someone at a disadvantage 攻其不備to someone39。s disadvantage 對(duì)某人不利，對(duì)某人造成損害9. () imply: vt. 1) express or state indirectly *The ads imply that by buying such products the consumer will gain something else such as happiness, respect and love. (=I don39。t wish to imply that you are wrong.) 2) suggest as a logically necessary consequence*自由不一定包含著責(zé)任。(=Freedom does not necessarily imply responsibility.)* Would that imply the end of China39。s era of rapid growth? CF: indicate, imply amp。 infer 這三個(gè)詞都是動(dòng)詞, 都有 “暗示” 之意。 indicate 指以某種方式明確地 “指示”、“表示”。 imply 一般指通過(guò)非語(yǔ)言方式“暗示”、“暗指”等。 infer 指根據(jù)事實(shí)或推理進(jìn)行 “推斷”、 “推定（一個(gè)想法）”、“得到某事物的結(jié)論”之意。(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. From all evidence presented I _______ that Smith is guilty. (=infer)2. His silence ___________ agreement. (=implies) 3. He put up his hand to ___________ his agreement. (=indicate) 4. Her refusal to answer _________ her guilt. (=implied) 5. Am I to _____ from your remarks that you think I’m not telling the truth. (=infer) 10. () abnormal: adj. not normal。 not typical or usual or regular (=It was regarded as abnormal for a boy to be interested in ballet.) * Global warming produces many abnormal weather conditions on a large scale. NB: 英語(yǔ)中有很多前綴, “ab”就是一個(gè)前綴，它起源于古拉丁語(yǔ)，意思是off或away from，通常詞典上用“脫、離、脫離”加以解釋。前綴ab僅有一種變體，即abs，它用在以c, q和t開(kāi)頭的詞干前面，具有同樣的釋義。例如：abnormal (ab+normal) 非常規(guī)的abort (ab+ort, ort=be born) 夭折、中止 abuse (ab+use) 濫用11. (Para. 6) stumble into: 1) fall into by accident, be involved into by accident * 不一會(huì)兒他絆跌到捕熊人設(shè)的陷阱里。 (=In a moment he stumbled into a trap set by a bearcatcher.) (=We stumble into a situation requiring more wisdom than we possess.) 2) step into accidently * As young people stumble into society, they often face confusion and illusion. * If he hadn’t stumbled into this project, he would not have been promoted. 12. (Para. 7) e to: 1) reach a state (=After all those years, it es to nothing.) * If it es to a fight, you can count on me. 2) be real