【正文】 ntegration (VLSI): 10,000 – 99,999, microprocessors, singlechip puters. ? Ultra largescale integration (ULSI): 100,000 – 999,999 ? Gigascale integration (GSI): 1000,000 Fundamentals of Digital Circuits 75 Integrated Circuit Technologies ? The types of transistors with which all ICs are implemented are either BJTs (bipolar junction transistors) or MOSFETs (metaloxide semiconductor fieldeffect transistors). ? Two types of digital circuit technology that use BJTs are TTL (transistortransistor logic) and ECL (emittercoupled logic). ? The major circuit technologies that use MOSFETs are CMOS (plementary MOS) and NMOS (nchannel MOS). ? SSI and MSI circuits are generally available in both TTL and CMOS. ? LSI, VLSI, ULSI, and GSI are generally implemented with CMOS or NMOS because it requires less area on a chip and consumes less power. Fundamentals of Digital Circuits 76 Selected Key Terms Analog Digital Binary Bit Pulse Being continuous or having continuous values. Related to digits or discrete quantities。 having a set of discrete values. Having two values or states。 describes a number system that has a base of two and utilizes 1 and 0 as its digits. A binary digit, which can be a 1 or a 0. A sudden change from one level to another, followed after a time, called the pulse width, by a sudden change back to the original level. Fundamentals of Digital Circuits 77 Selected Key Terms Clock Gate NOT AND OR A basic timing signal in a digital system。 a periodic waveform used to synchronize actions. A logic circuit that performs a basic logic operations such as AND or OR. A basic logic function that performs inversion. A basic logic operation in which a true (HIGH) output occurs only when all input conditions are true (HIGH). A basic logic operation in which a true (HIGH) output occurs when when one or more of the input conditions are true (HIGH). Fundamentals of Digital Circuits 78 Selected Key Terms Fixedfunction logic Programmable logic A category of digital integrated circuits having functions that cannot be altered. A category of digital integrated circuits capable of being programmed to perform specified functions. Fundamentals of Digital Circuits 79 1. Compared to analog systems, digital systems a. are less prone to noise b. can represent an infinite number of values c. can handle much higher power d. all of the above 169。 2022 Pearson Education Fundamentals of Digital Circuits 80 2. The number of values that can be assigned to a bit are a. one b. two c. three d. ten 169。 2022 Pearson Education Fundamentals of Digital Circuits 81 3. The time measurement between the 50% point on the leading edge of a pulse to the 50% point on the trailing edge of the pulse is called the a. rise time b. fall time c. period d. pulse width 169。 2022 Pearson Education Fundamentals of Digital Circuits 82 4. The time measurement between the 90% point on the trailing edge of a pulse to the 10% point on the trailing edge of the pulse is called the a. rise time b. fall time c. period d. pulse width 169。 2022 Pearson Education Fundamentals of Digital Circuits 83 5. The reciprocal of the frequency of a clock signal is the a. rise time b. fall time c. period d. pulse width 169。 2022 Pearson Education Fundamentals of Digital Circuits 84 6. If the period of a clock signal is 500 ps, the frequency is a. 20 MHz b. 200 MHz c. 2 GHz d. 20 GHz 169。 2022 Pearson Education Fundamentals of Digital Circuits 85 7. AND, OR, and NOT gates can be used to form a. storage devices b. parators c. data selectors d. all of the above 169。 2022 Pearson Education Fundamentals of Digital Circuits 86 8. A shift register is an example of a a. storage device b. parator c. data selector d. counter 169。 2022 Pearson Education Fundamentals of Digital Circuits 87 9. A device that is used to switch one of several input lines to a single output line is called a a. parator b. decoder c. counter d. multiplexer 169。 2022 Pearson Education Fundamentals of Digital Circuits 88 10. For most digital work, an oscilloscope should be coupled to the signal using a. ac coupling b. dc coupling c. GND coupling d. none of the above 169。 2022 Pearson Education Fundamentals of Digital Circuits 89 Answers: 1. a 2. b 3. d 4. b 5. c 6. c 7. d 8. a 9. d 10. b Fundamentals of Digital Circuits 90 Homework ? 11, 1–6, 111, ? 112, 115(c), 119(c), 120,122 and 125.