waterquality-universityofnorthcarolinawilmington：水的質(zhì)量-北卡羅來(lái)那大學(xué)wilming-資料下載頁(yè)
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【正文】 Samples collected at 2 sites , Brookhurst and PCH Pump Stations ENT Measurements ? Hourly water samples collected from surface and bottom of water column ? Analyzed for ENT, pH, turbidity, and conductivity ? Also collected bird feces to assess amount of ENT present. ? Bird census conducted to quantify input of ENT into the marsh Marsh Parameters The 4 daily tide stages and the spring neap spring transition are evident in the water levels ? When ebb tides occur during daylight hours, solar heating causes a significant increase in the temperature of the marsh water. ? ENT concentrations measured exceeded standards in 15% of samples taken at Brookhurst site and 46% at PCH ? Total number of birds that visited the Talbert Marsh during the study. Is Marsh ENT Source or Sink? ? All marsh data separated in 2 groups based on samples collected during ebb tides or flood tides ? During ebb tides, the geometric mean of ENT and the percentage of samples exceeding the single sample standard approximately doubles as the water flows through the marsh from the Brookhurst to the PCH Station. ? The trend is reversed during flood tides when the Mean of ENT and percentage of sample exceedences increase as water flows through the marsh from the PCH to Brookhurst Station. The results of this analysis identify the marsh, not urban runoff as the primary source of ENT in the water flowing into the ocean. Pollution from the marsh alone was sufficient to close the beach ? ENT generated in the Talbert Marsh appear to be at least partially responsible for the frequency with which surf zone samples in Huntington State and City beaches exceed state bathing water standards Conclusions based on 2 findings ? 1. ENT Concentration are increased above standard as water passes through the marsh ? 2. And water flowing out of the marsh can be transported by littoral currents to the region of Huntington Beaches ? ENT appear to enter the marsh from birds and runoff and once there these anisms accumulate and perhaps even grow on marsh vegetation and sediments. Conclusions ? Based on the results of this study there may be a tradeoff between the restoration of coastal wetlands and pliance with marine water contact standards ? “We have to be smarter about how we build these marshes, if they are designed so that the water goes through them very rapidly , you’ll have the same kinds of problems found here. When properly designed these wetlands might improve water quality.” Stanley Grant, research team leader References 1. Chesapeake Bay Program, 1999a Chesapeake Bay Program, 199a. About the Chesapeake Bay. on 11/10/03 2. Grant, S. B et al. Generation of Enterococci bacteria in a coastal saltwater marsh and its impact on surf zone water quality. Environmental Science and Technology, 35, 2407 2416 (2022). 3. Hammer, DA. Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment. Lewis, Boca Raton, 1989 4. Hook, . The Ecology and Management of Wetlands: Vol. 1 Ecology of Wetlands. Portland, OR: Timber Press, 1988. 5. Man, Cynthia, and Nicole Owens. “Benefits of Water Quality Policies: The Chesapeake Bay.” Ecological Economics 39 2 (2022):271283 6. Moshiri, . Constructed Wetlands for Water Quality Improvement. Lewis, Boca Raton, 1993 7. Olson, Richard K. “Role of Wetlands.” Created and Natural Wetlands for Controlling Nonpoint Source Pollution. Ed. Olson, Richard K. Boca Raton Fl. . Smoley 1993. 126. 8. 9. 10. 11.
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