管理學(xué)原理第一講社會責(zé)任與管理倫理-資料下載頁
2026-01-02 13:07本頁面
【正文】 h people believe that they control their own fate ? internals believe that they control their own destinies ? externals believe that what happens to them is due to luck or chance 550 Managerial Ethics (cont.) ? Factors That Affect Managerial Ethics (cont.) ? Structural variables ? design of anization affects ethical behavior ? designs that minimize ambiguity and uncertainty more likely to encourage ethical behavior ? rules and regulations ? written codes of ethics ? behavior of superiors ? performance appraisal systems that focus on means as well as ends ? reward systems that punish failure to achieve ends is likely to promise ethics 551 Managerial Ethics (cont.) ? Factors That Affect Managerial Ethics (cont.) ? Organizational culture ? strong culture more influential than a weak culture ? high ethical standards result from a culture that is high in risk tolerance, control, and conflict tolerance ? Issue intensity ? importance of an ethical issue ? more intense issues prompt greater ethical behavior 552 Determinants of Issue Intensity 553 簡單結(jié)論： Factors That Affect Ethical And Uhical Behavior Ethical Dilemma Moderators Stage of Moral Development Ethical/Uhical Behavior Organizational Culture Structural Variables Individual Characteristics Issue Intensity 554 Managerial Ethics (cont.) ? Toward Improving Ethical Behavior ? prehensive ethics programs have the potential to improve an anization’s ethical climate ? no guarantees that even welldesigned ethics programs will lead to the desired oute ? Employee selection eliminate ethically questionable applicants ? Codes of ethics formal statement of an anization’s primary values and ethical rules ? shouldn’t be developed and applied in isolation ? must consistently reaffirm the importance of the code ? must consistently discipline those who break the code 555 Clusters of Variables Found in 83 Corporate Codes of Business Ethics 556 Managerial Ethics (cont.) ? Toward Improving Ethical Behavior (cont.) ? Top management’s leadership what they do is far more important than what they say ? set the cultural tone by their reward and punishment practices ? Job goals goals should be clear and realistic ? reduce ambiguity ? Performance appraisal must focus on ethical standards ? Ethics training an increasing number of anizations use training to encourage ethical behavior ? reinforce the anization’s standards of conduct ? clarify acceptable and unacceptable practices 557 Managerial Ethics (cont.) ? Toward Improving Ethical Behavior (cont.) ? Formal protective mechanisms protect employees who face ethical dilemmas ? can do what is right without fear of retribution ? ethical counselors act as a sounding board and provide guidance ? ethics officers design, direct, and modify the anization’s ethics program 558
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