【正文】 在溫度升高 3℃ 。一旦這種溫室效應(yīng)真 的 發(fā)生，則極地冰蓋會(huì)開(kāi)始融化， 從而 使 海面上升達(dá)幾米，沿線(xiàn)城市出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重洪水災(zāi)害。除此之外，大氣溫度的上升會(huì) 使 北半球 的氣候產(chǎn)生 巨大變化，可能 從而 導(dǎo) 致世界主要產(chǎn)糧區(qū)的改變。 過(guò)去人們主要關(guān)注人為造成的全球變暖對(duì)北極的影響， 因?yàn)槟蠘O圈比北極圈冷 得 多，且冰層也厚得多，但現(xiàn)在， 氣候 專(zhuān)家開(kāi)始把更多的注意力放到了西南極圈 ─ — 因?yàn)閹锥鹊纳郎兀?換言之， 未來(lái)五十年 燃料燃燒所造成 的 升溫 ）足可以影響該地區(qū)。 衛(wèi)星圖像表明：南極圈中大片區(qū)域已經(jīng)開(kāi)始消失?，F(xiàn)有證據(jù)表明：溫室效應(yīng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生。這 與二氧化碳 能使地球變暖 的理論相符 。 但是，燃料燃燒最多的北半球溫度不升反降。對(duì)此，科學(xué)家得出的結(jié)論是：迄今為止，自然因素對(duì)天氣的影響勝過(guò)人為因素。問(wèn)題是，哪種自然因素對(duì)天氣的影響最大。 一種 可能是太陽(yáng)行為的變化。某一研究站的氣象學(xué)家已對(duì)太陽(yáng)的熱點(diǎn)和“冷點(diǎn)（相對(duì)較冷的地方）”進(jìn)行了研究。太陽(yáng)旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，以 天為周期向地球的不同地方展示其熱點(diǎn)或“冷點(diǎn)”的不同方面。這似乎對(duì)地球大氣壓力的分布有相當(dāng)大的影響，從而影響風(fēng)流。同時(shí)，太陽(yáng)也在做長(zhǎng)期的變化：它的熱量 釋放 呈 升 —— 降交替變化 ， 最近呈下降趨勢(shì)。 科學(xué)家們 現(xiàn)在 發(fā)現(xiàn) 了 太陽(yáng) —— 天氣互動(dòng)模式和實(shí)際氣候幾千年間的變化（包括最 后 的冰川時(shí)代）之間的聯(lián)系。問(wèn)題是 : 基于這種模式 的預(yù)測(cè) ，世界現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該正在進(jìn)入新的冰川時(shí)代，而實(shí)際上并沒(méi)有。對(duì)這個(gè)理論難題的解決方法是： 假定太陽(yáng)效應(yīng)克服地球氣候的慣性效應(yīng)需要幾千年時(shí)間。若此假定正確，則二氧化碳的溫室效應(yīng)會(huì)有助于抵消太陽(yáng)熱量的減少趨勢(shì)。 Passage 3 Some people believe that international sport creates goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: that international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sports encourages international brotherhood. Not only was there the tragic incident involving the murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused principally by minor national contests. One country received its secondplace medals with visible indignation after the hockey(曲棍球 )final. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the losers objecting to the final decisions. They were convinced that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and that their opponents’ victory was unfair. Their manager was in a rage when he said:“ This wasn’ t hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished.” The president of the Federation said later that such behavior could result in the suspension of the team for at least three years. The American basketball team announced that they would not yield first place to Russia, after a disputable end to their contest. The game had ended in disturbance. It was thought at first that the United States had won, by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play. A Russian player then threw the ball from one end of the court to the other, and another player popped it into the basket. It was the first time the USA had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. An appeal jury debated the matter for four and a half hours before announcing that the result would stand. The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals. Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played petitively rather than for the love of the game. The suggestion that athletes should pete as individuals or in nonnational teams might be too much to hope for. But in the present anization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism. 文章總體結(jié)構(gòu)分析 本文指出國(guó)際體育賽事中存在著太多令人不快的事件，并在對(duì)其原因進(jìn)行分析的基礎(chǔ)上提出了建議。 第一段為第一部分：通過(guò)兩種截然不同的觀點(diǎn)引出作者對(duì)“奧運(yùn)會(huì)是否促進(jìn)了國(guó)際友誼”的看法。 第二、三段為第二部分： 舉出了 曲棍球比賽和籃球比賽中出現(xiàn)的令人不快的情況 的兩個(gè)例子 。 第四段為第三部分：分析國(guó)際體育賽事中出現(xiàn)事件的原因：比賽是出于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)而不是出于對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的熱愛(ài)；奧運(yùn)會(huì)的組織方式過(guò)分強(qiáng)調(diào)攻擊性的愛(ài)國(guó)精神。 26. According to the author, recent Olympic Games have _______. 26. 作者認(rèn)為，近來(lái)的奧運(yùn)會(huì) ________。 [A] created goodwill between the nations [A] 形成了國(guó)家之間的友好（關(guān)系） [B] bred only false national pride [B] 只是滋生了虛假的國(guó)家自豪感 [C] barely showed any international friendship [C] 幾乎沒(méi)有表現(xiàn)出國(guó)際友誼 [D] led to more and more misunderstanding and hatred [D] 導(dǎo)致了越來(lái)越多的誤解和憎恨 [分析 ] 本題考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)：對(duì)文中細(xì)節(jié)的理解 。 解此題需要正確理解第一段。本段中作者首先通過(guò) some people believe 和 others say that擺出 了兩種對(duì)立的觀點(diǎn)。然后才引出了自己的觀點(diǎn)，接著用事實(shí)進(jìn)一步證明自己的觀點(diǎn)。所以，本題的正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該來(lái)自于本段的第三、四句。第三句指出：近來(lái)的奧運(yùn)會(huì)幾乎無(wú)法支持“運(yùn)動(dòng)能夠促進(jìn)國(guó)家之間的兄弟情誼”這一觀點(diǎn)。 [C]是 該句的 另一種表達(dá)，所以，為正確選項(xiàng)。 brotherhood 即指 friendship。 [A]、 [B]、 [D] 來(lái)源于第一段第一、二句，并非作者的觀點(diǎn)，而是 some people 和 others 的觀點(diǎn)。 did the manager mean by saying, “...Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished”? 27. 那 位 經(jīng) 理 人 說(shuō) “ ...Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished”是 想表達(dá)什么意思？ [A] His team would no longer take part in international games. [A] 他的隊(duì)伍將再也不會(huì)參加國(guó)際比賽。 [B]Hockey and the Federation are both ruined by the unfair decisions. [B] 不公正的決定不僅毀了曲棍球，也毀了國(guó)際曲棍球聯(lián)盟 [C]There should be no more hockey matches anized by the Federation. [C] 國(guó)際曲棍球聯(lián)盟不應(yīng)該再組織曲棍球比賽。 [D] The Federation should be dissolved. [D] 曲棍球聯(lián)盟應(yīng)該解散。 [分析 ] 本題考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)： 根據(jù) 上下文理解文中人物話(huà)語(yǔ)的意思。 理解此句的關(guān)鍵是對(duì)“ are finished” 的正確理解。其在文中的意思為 “被毀了，完蛋了”。 “ This wasn?t hockey” 也說(shuō)明，該經(jīng)理人認(rèn)為這場(chǎng)比賽已經(jīng)不能稱(chēng)其為真正的曲棍球比賽，不公正的決定已經(jīng)毀了曲棍球。另外，句子的結(jié)構(gòu)說(shuō)明：曲棍球和 國(guó)際曲棍球聯(lián)盟在 are finished 這一點(diǎn)上是完全相同的。選項(xiàng)中只有 [B]把二者放在了并列的位置。所以， [B]為正確選項(xiàng)。 該經(jīng)理人的話(huà)語(yǔ)中并沒(méi)有提及 international games，和 no more hockey matches，所以，排除 [A] 、 [C]。根據(jù)上面對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的分析，若 [D]正確，則 hockey should be dissolved 也應(yīng)該正確。但此句顯然不合邏輯。所以，排除 [D]。 28. The basketball example implied that______. 28. 籃球的事例說(shuō)明 __________。 [A] too much patriotism was displayed in the incident [A] 事件中表現(xiàn) 出 了過(guò)多的愛(ài)國(guó)主義 [B] the announcement to prolong the match was wrong [B] 宣布比賽延時(shí)是錯(cuò)誤的 [C] the appeal jury was too hesitant in making the decision [C] 裁判委員會(huì)在做決定時(shí)過(guò)分猶豫 [D] the American team was right in rejecting the silver medals [D] 美國(guó)隊(duì) 拒絕接受銀牌的做法是對(duì)的 [分析 ]本題考核知識(shí)點(diǎn)：寫(xiě)作目的題。 理解文中事例的寫(xiě)作目的要看作者的觀點(diǎn)。最后一段中指出，作者認(rèn)為目前奧運(yùn)會(huì)的組織方式過(guò)多 地 鼓勵(lì)了愛(ài)國(guó)主義情緒，而這也恰恰是造成國(guó)際體育賽事中麻煩不斷 的 根源。 [A]選項(xiàng)符合作者的觀點(diǎn)。 另外，也可以從事件本身細(xì)節(jié)中找線(xiàn)索。描寫(xiě)本事件的第三段第一句指出：結(jié)果出來(lái)之后，美國(guó)籃球隊(duì)表示他們不會(huì)向俄國(guó)隊(duì)服輸。第五句指出：這是第一次“美國(guó) ”在奧運(yùn)會(huì)籃球賽中輸球。本段最后一句指出：隊(duì)員投票的結(jié)果是拒絕接受銀牌。這些細(xì)節(jié)都表明：隊(duì)員 過(guò)分看重比賽的勝負(fù) 并非源于個(gè)人原因，而是把籃球隊(duì)看作了國(guó)家的代表。所以，無(wú)論從作者觀點(diǎn)來(lái)看，還是從事件細(xì)節(jié)分析， [A]都是正確選項(xiàng)。 [B]的錯(cuò)誤在于 prolong 一詞的使用：文中并沒(méi)有說(shuō)明是裁判宣布延長(zhǎng)比賽，還是真的只剩三分鐘。 [C]、 [D]的錯(cuò)誤在于：文中對(duì)裁判委員會(huì)的決定和美國(guó)籃球隊(duì)的做法只是進(jìn)行客觀描述，并沒(méi)有進(jìn)行評(píng)論。 29. The author gives the two examples in paragraphs 2 and 3 to show____________. 29. 作者利用第二、三段的兩個(gè)例子表明___________。 [A] how false national pride led to undesirable incidents in internat