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【正文】 return Parallel Importation or Gray Markets ? On account of petition, firms may have to charge different prices from country to country ? In international marketing, this causes a vexing problem: Parallel Importation or Gray Markets ? Parallel imports develop when importers buy products from distributors in one country and sell them in another to distributors who are not part of the manufacturer’s regular distribution system ? The possibility of a parallel market occurs whenever price differences are greater than the cost of transportation between two markets ? Conditions of the occurrence 平行進口產(chǎn)生的條件 ?firms charge different prices from country to country ?In another scenario, a pany manufactures a product in both the home country market and in foreign markets. Products manufactured abroad are sold to gray marketers, who bring the products into homecountry market to pete with domestically produced goods . ? For example, the ulcer(潰瘍 )drug Losec sells for only $18 in Spain but goes for $39 in Germany。 and the heart drug Plavix costs $55 in France and sells for $79 in London ? Thus, it is possible for an intermediary to buy products in countries where it is less expensive and divert it to countries where the price is higher and make a profit . ? An enterprising wine lover notes that French champagne is priced lower in Paris than it is in London. If this individual can arrange to purchase a large quantity of champagne in France and transport it to London for resale at prices that undercut those offered by authorized distributors, he or she can be said to engage in parallel importing. Effects of parallel importing 平行進口的影響 ? Parallel imports can do longterm damage in the market for trademarked products ? It will adversely affect the profits of authorized distributers ? Customers who unknowingly buy unauthorized imports have no assurance of the quality of the item they buy, of warranty support, or of authorized service or replacement parts ? If a product fails, the consumer blames the owner of the trademark, and the quality image of the product is sullied玷污 ?return
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