【正文】 在圖 14(b)中，在剛性筏板基礎(chǔ)下設(shè)置一定厚度的柔性墊層，通過(guò)柔性墊層的協(xié)調(diào)，可以保證樁和樁問(wèn)土共同承擔(dān)荷載，柔性墊層的存在可以減少樁土荷載分擔(dān)比，充分發(fā)揮樁問(wèn)土的承載潛能。因而，一般按復(fù)合 地基進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算。 在圖 14(c)中，路堤下直接設(shè)置碎石加筋墊層，其作用與剛性筏板基礎(chǔ)的柔性墊層的作用正好相反，碎石加筋墊層的剛度比路基本體要大，它的存在可以提高樁土荷載分擔(dān)比，充分發(fā)揮樁的承載潛能，可按復(fù)合地基進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算。 根據(jù)復(fù)合地基 、復(fù)合樁基理論進(jìn)行客運(yùn)專線路基沉降控制分析可以參照《建筑地基基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》《建筑樁基技術(shù)規(guī)范》進(jìn)行。 復(fù)合地基沉降量計(jì)算 管樁樁網(wǎng)復(fù)合地基的沉降量由兩部分組成，一部分是地基土在管樁加固固結(jié)壓縮后引起的加固區(qū)沉降量 1S ，另一部分是樁土復(fù)合地基加固區(qū)下臥持力或軟土層沉降量 2S 。 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）專用紙 ————————————————————————————— ————————— 26 S= 1S + 2S (7) 其中： 1S 采用復(fù)合模量法計(jì)算， 2S 采用分層總和法。 管樁加固區(qū)沉降量 1S 采用復(fù)合模量法計(jì)算，將復(fù)合地基加 固區(qū)中的管樁群體和土體假想成一個(gè)復(fù)合實(shí)體基礎(chǔ)，加固區(qū)的沉降即為該實(shí)體基礎(chǔ) 的壓縮變形量，選用壓縮模量 csE進(jìn)行計(jì)算： spcs EmmEE )1( ??? ???? ni icsii HEPS11 (8) 式中， iP? 一第 i 層復(fù)合土上附加應(yīng)力增量 iH 一第 i 層復(fù)合土層的厚度； m 一復(fù)合地基面積置換率； PE 一樁體壓縮模量； SE 一土體壓縮模量。 管樁樁土復(fù)合地基加固區(qū)下臥持力層或軟土層沉降量 s 采用分層總和法計(jì)算，在分層總和法計(jì)算中，下臥層土體的附加應(yīng)力采用等效實(shí)體法，即將復(fù)合地基加固區(qū)中的管樁群體和土體假想成一個(gè)復(fù)合實(shí)體基礎(chǔ)。如下式壓縮層厚度按附加應(yīng)力等于 倍的自重應(yīng)力來(lái)確定 。 ?? ??? ni iiii eeeHS1 0102 1 (9) 式中， iH 一第 i 層厚度； ie0 一第 i 層中點(diǎn) 自重應(yīng)力所對(duì)應(yīng)的孔隙比； ie1 一第 i 層中點(diǎn) 自重應(yīng)力與附加應(yīng)力之和對(duì)應(yīng)得空隙比。 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）專用紙 ————————————————————————————— ————————— 27 第 5 章 結(jié)論 客 運(yùn)專線路基沉降控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)高，目前地基處理的理論與設(shè)計(jì)方法主要是針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的軟弱土地基，并不完全適合客運(yùn)專線路基工后沉降的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算與地基加固處理，隨著工程實(shí)踐 的日益增多，特別是工程試驗(yàn)和沉降觀測(cè)成果的積累，客運(yùn)專線路基沉降控制理論與設(shè)計(jì)方法將不斷得以完善，目前在沉降控制分析工作中，可以按以下建議進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì) ： （ 1） 有限元“分級(jí)加載”模擬結(jié)果與實(shí)測(cè)結(jié)果趨勢(shì)基本一致，誤差在工程精度允許范圍內(nèi)。說(shuō)明提出的路基沉降逐級(jí)填筑加荷的數(shù)值仿真方法是可行的，對(duì)高路基填筑施工控制具有一定的指導(dǎo)意義 (2)對(duì)于軌道與列車荷載，在穩(wěn)定檢算時(shí)，采用雙線有載；在沉降分析時(shí)，考慮雙線軌道荷載和單個(gè)列車荷載。 (3)堆載預(yù)壓措施能加速基底壓縮土層的變形，從而減小工后沉降是有效的。 (4)客運(yùn)專 線路基沉降控制分析，應(yīng)根據(jù)路堤基底墊層形式、加固樁的類型，采用復(fù)合地基或復(fù)合樁基理論進(jìn)行。 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）專用紙 ————————————————————————————— ————————— 28 致謝 四年的讀書(shū)生活在這個(gè)季節(jié)即將劃上一個(gè)句號(hào)，而 對(duì) 于我的人生卻只是一個(gè)逗號(hào)，我將面對(duì)又一次征程的開(kāi)始。四年的求學(xué)生涯在師長(zhǎng)、親友的大力支持下，走得辛苦卻也收獲滿囊，在論文即將 完畢 之際，思緒萬(wàn)千，心情久久不能平靜。 偉人、名人為我所崇拜，可是我更急切地要把我的敬意和贊美獻(xiàn)給一位平凡的人，我的導(dǎo)師。我不是您最出色的學(xué)生，而您卻是我最尊敬的老師。您治學(xué)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，學(xué)識(shí)淵博，思想深邃，視野雄闊，為我營(yíng)造了一種良 好的精神氛圍。授人以魚(yú)不如授人以漁，置身其間，耳濡目染，潛移默化，使我不僅接受了全新的思想觀念，樹(shù)立了宏偉的學(xué)術(shù)目標(biāo)，領(lǐng)會(huì)了基本的思考方式，從論文題目的選定到論文寫作的指導(dǎo) ,經(jīng)由您悉心的點(diǎn)撥 ,再經(jīng)思考后的領(lǐng)悟 ,常常讓我有 “山重水復(fù)疑無(wú)路 ,柳暗花明又一村 ”。 感謝我的爸爸媽媽，焉得諼草，言樹(shù)之背，養(yǎng)育之恩，無(wú)以回報(bào)，你們永遠(yuǎn)健康快樂(lè)是我最大的心愿。在論文即將完成之際，我的心情無(wú)法平靜，從開(kāi)始進(jìn)入課題到論文的順利完成，有多少可敬的師長(zhǎng)、同學(xué)、朋友給了我無(wú)言的幫助，在這里請(qǐng)接受我誠(chéng)摯謝意！ 同時(shí)也感謝 學(xué)院為我提供良好的做畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的環(huán)境。 最后再一次感謝所有在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)中曾經(jīng)幫助過(guò)我的良師益友和同學(xué)，以及在設(shè)計(jì)中被我引用或參考的論著的作者。 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）專用紙 ————————————————————————————— ————————— 29 參考文獻(xiàn) [1] 屈曉輝，崔俊杰．客運(yùn)專線鐵路路基設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù) [M]．北京 ：人民交通出版社， 2oo8． [2] 地基處理手冊(cè)編委會(huì)．地基處理手冊(cè) [K]． 3 版．北京：中國(guó)建筑工業(yè)出版社， 20o8． [3] JGJ 79— 2021／ J 220— 20o2，建筑地基處理技術(shù)規(guī)范 [s]． [4] JGJ 94— 2oo8，建筑樁基技術(shù)規(guī)范 [s]． [5] 何廷樹(shù)．混凝 土外加劑 [M]．西安：陜西科學(xué)技術(shù) 出版社， 2021 [6] 郭延輝，郭京育，趙霄龍，等．聚羧酸系高性能減水劑研究與工程應(yīng)用 [M]．北京：中國(guó)鐵道出版社 ， 2021 [7] 王子明，陳紅巖，崔素萍，等．聚羧酸系高性能減水劑與緩凝劑的復(fù)合效應(yīng)研究 [A]．第三屆全 國(guó)混凝土外加劑應(yīng)用技術(shù)專業(yè)委員會(huì)年會(huì) [C]， 2021， 6： 134— 137 [8] 王驍敏，陳國(guó)軍．聚羧酸鹽減水劑與緩凝劑的復(fù)配 [J]聚羧酸系高性能減水劑及其應(yīng)用技術(shù)， 2021， 8 [9] 楊廣慶．高速鐵路路基設(shè)計(jì)與施工 [M]．北京 ：中國(guó)鐵道出版社 ， 2021 [10] 折學(xué)森．軟土地基沉降計(jì)算 [M]．北京 ：人民交通出版社， 1998 [11]龔曉南．復(fù)合地基理論及工程應(yīng)用 [M]．北京：中國(guó)建筑工業(yè)出版社 ． 2021． [12] 王 麗艷，袁新明．微型樁復(fù)合地基沉降和動(dòng)力特性研究 [J]．水利學(xué)報(bào) ， 2021，36(12)： 1 492— 1 497 [13] 陳德春，劉祖德．混凝土剛性短樁復(fù)合地基在軟土地基加固中的應(yīng)用 [J]．土木基礎(chǔ)， 2021， 17(3)： 31— 33 [14] 郝 文化． ANSYS 土木工程應(yīng)用實(shí)例 [M]．北京：中國(guó)水利水電 出版社 ． 2021． [15] ]吳鴻慶，任俠．結(jié)構(gòu)有限元分析 [M]．北京：中國(guó)鐵道出版社 ． 2021 [16]祝彥知．復(fù)合地基各向異性地震反應(yīng)的數(shù)值模擬 [J]．工業(yè)建筑 。 2021， 35(6)：45— 48． [17]金雷 ． 高速公路路堤逐級(jí)填筑下路基沉降變形數(shù)值仿真分析 ． 河南省交通廳 ,中外公路 2021， 34— 37 ag an employment tribunal clai Emloyment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees. You may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: you don39。t agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly. For more informu, take advice from one of the anisations listed under Further help. Employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation. Most people find 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）專用紙 ————————————————————————————— ————————— 30 making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. If you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the anisations listed under Further help. ation about dismissal and unfair dismissal, see Dismissal. You can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haven39。t appealed against the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any pensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal. Remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are plaining about happened. If your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept i. If you are worried about how the time limits apply to you If you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your pensation if you win the case. This is known as a damagesbased agreement. In England and Wales, your solicitor can39。t charge you more than 35% of your pensation if you win the case. you39。re clear about the terms of the agreement. It might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a Citizens Advice Bureau. To find your nearest CAB, including those that give advice by e mail, click on nearest CAB. For more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, see Employment tribunals. The (lack of) air up there Watch m Cay man Islandsbased Webb, the head of Fifa39。s antiracism taskforce, is in London for the Football Association39。s 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend City39。s Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday. I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Ya ya Toure, he told BBC Sport. For me it39。s about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was. Uefa has opened disciplinary proceedings against CSKA for the racist behaviour of their fans during City39。s 21 win. Michel Platini, president of European football39。s governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referee39。s actions. CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toure39。s plaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA. Age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. May be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day。 May be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it. 一字開(kāi)頭的年齡已經(jīng)到了尾聲?；蛟S是愧疚于自己似乎把轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的很多個(gè)不同的日子過(guò)成了同一天的樣子；或許是追溯過(guò)去，對(duì)自己那些近乎偏執(zhí)的怪異信念的醒悟，這些天以來(lái)，思緒一直很凌亂，在腦海中不斷糾纏?？傆X(jué)得自己似乎應(yīng)該去做點(diǎn)什么，或者寫點(diǎn)什么。二十年的人生 軌跡深深淺淺，突然就感覺(jué)到有些事情，非做不可了。 The end of our life, and can meet many things really do? 而窮盡我們的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？ During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional。 Junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isn39。t really grow up, it seems is not so important。 Then in high school, think don39。t want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, look