【正文】 在圖 14(b)中，在剛性筏板基礎下設置一定厚度的柔性墊層，通過柔性墊層的協(xié)調(diào)，可以保證樁和樁問土共同承擔荷載，柔性墊層的存在可以減少樁土荷載分擔比，充分發(fā)揮樁問土的承載潛能。因而，一般按復合 地基進行設計計算。 在圖 14(c)中，路堤下直接設置碎石加筋墊層，其作用與剛性筏板基礎的柔性墊層的作用正好相反，碎石加筋墊層的剛度比路基本體要大，它的存在可以提高樁土荷載分擔比，充分發(fā)揮樁的承載潛能，可按復合地基進行設計計算。 根據(jù)復合地基 、復合樁基理論進行客運專線路基沉降控制分析可以參照《建筑地基基礎設計規(guī)范》《建筑樁基技術規(guī)范》進行。 復合地基沉降量計算 管樁樁網(wǎng)復合地基的沉降量由兩部分組成，一部分是地基土在管樁加固固結壓縮后引起的加固區(qū)沉降量 1S ，另一部分是樁土復合地基加固區(qū)下臥持力或軟土層沉降量 2S 。 畢業(yè)設計（論文）專用紙 ————————————————————————————— ————————— 26 S= 1S + 2S (7) 其中： 1S 采用復合模量法計算， 2S 采用分層總和法。 管樁加固區(qū)沉降量 1S 采用復合模量法計算，將復合地基加 固區(qū)中的管樁群體和土體假想成一個復合實體基礎，加固區(qū)的沉降即為該實體基礎 的壓縮變形量，選用壓縮模量 csE進行計算： spcs EmmEE )1( ??? ???? ni icsii HEPS11 (8) 式中， iP? 一第 i 層復合土上附加應力增量 iH 一第 i 層復合土層的厚度； m 一復合地基面積置換率； PE 一樁體壓縮模量； SE 一土體壓縮模量。 管樁樁土復合地基加固區(qū)下臥持力層或軟土層沉降量 s 采用分層總和法計算，在分層總和法計算中，下臥層土體的附加應力采用等效實體法，即將復合地基加固區(qū)中的管樁群體和土體假想成一個復合實體基礎。如下式壓縮層厚度按附加應力等于 倍的自重應力來確定 。 ?? ??? ni iiii eeeHS1 0102 1 (9) 式中， iH 一第 i 層厚度； ie0 一第 i 層中點 自重應力所對應的孔隙比； ie1 一第 i 層中點 自重應力與附加應力之和對應得空隙比。 畢業(yè)設計（論文）專用紙 ————————————————————————————— ————————— 27 第 5 章 結論 客 運專線路基沉降控制標準高，目前地基處理的理論與設計方法主要是針對傳統(tǒng)的軟弱土地基，并不完全適合客運專線路基工后沉降的設計計算與地基加固處理，隨著工程實踐 的日益增多，特別是工程試驗和沉降觀測成果的積累，客運專線路基沉降控制理論與設計方法將不斷得以完善，目前在沉降控制分析工作中，可以按以下建議進行設計 ： （ 1） 有限元“分級加載”模擬結果與實測結果趨勢基本一致，誤差在工程精度允許范圍內(nèi)。說明提出的路基沉降逐級填筑加荷的數(shù)值仿真方法是可行的，對高路基填筑施工控制具有一定的指導意義 (2)對于軌道與列車荷載，在穩(wěn)定檢算時，采用雙線有載；在沉降分析時，考慮雙線軌道荷載和單個列車荷載。 (3)堆載預壓措施能加速基底壓縮土層的變形，從而減小工后沉降是有效的。 (4)客運專 線路基沉降控制分析，應根據(jù)路堤基底墊層形式、加固樁的類型，采用復合地基或復合樁基理論進行。 畢業(yè)設計（論文）專用紙 ————————————————————————————— ————————— 28 致謝 四年的讀書生活在這個季節(jié)即將劃上一個句號，而 對 于我的人生卻只是一個逗號，我將面對又一次征程的開始。四年的求學生涯在師長、親友的大力支持下，走得辛苦卻也收獲滿囊，在論文即將 完畢 之際，思緒萬千，心情久久不能平靜。 偉人、名人為我所崇拜，可是我更急切地要把我的敬意和贊美獻給一位平凡的人，我的導師。我不是您最出色的學生，而您卻是我最尊敬的老師。您治學嚴謹，學識淵博，思想深邃，視野雄闊，為我營造了一種良 好的精神氛圍。授人以魚不如授人以漁，置身其間，耳濡目染，潛移默化，使我不僅接受了全新的思想觀念，樹立了宏偉的學術目標，領會了基本的思考方式，從論文題目的選定到論文寫作的指導 ,經(jīng)由您悉心的點撥 ,再經(jīng)思考后的領悟 ,常常讓我有 “山重水復疑無路 ,柳暗花明又一村 ”。 感謝我的爸爸媽媽，焉得諼草，言樹之背，養(yǎng)育之恩，無以回報，你們永遠健康快樂是我最大的心愿。在論文即將完成之際，我的心情無法平靜，從開始進入課題到論文的順利完成，有多少可敬的師長、同學、朋友給了我無言的幫助，在這里請接受我誠摯謝意！ 同時也感謝 學院為我提供良好的做畢業(yè)設計的環(huán)境。 最后再一次感謝所有在畢業(yè)設計中曾經(jīng)幫助過我的良師益友和同學，以及在設計中被我引用或參考的論著的作者。 畢業(yè)設計（論文）專用紙 ————————————————————————————— ————————— 29 參考文獻 [1] 屈曉輝，崔俊杰．客運專線鐵路路基設計技術 [M]．北京 ：人民交通出版社， 2oo8． [2] 地基處理手冊編委會．地基處理手冊 [K]． 3 版．北京：中國建筑工業(yè)出版社， 20o8． [3] JGJ 79— 2021／ J 220— 20o2，建筑地基處理技術規(guī)范 [s]． [4] JGJ 94— 2oo8，建筑樁基技術規(guī)范 [s]． [5] 何廷樹．混凝 土外加劑 [M]．西安：陜西科學技術 出版社， 2021 [6] 郭延輝，郭京育，趙霄龍，等．聚羧酸系高性能減水劑研究與工程應用 [M]．北京：中國鐵道出版社 ， 2021 [7] 王子明，陳紅巖，崔素萍，等．聚羧酸系高性能減水劑與緩凝劑的復合效應研究 [A]．第三屆全 國混凝土外加劑應用技術專業(yè)委員會年會 [C]， 2021， 6： 134— 137 [8] 王驍敏，陳國軍．聚羧酸鹽減水劑與緩凝劑的復配 [J]聚羧酸系高性能減水劑及其應用技術， 2021， 8 [9] 楊廣慶．高速鐵路路基設計與施工 [M]．北京 ：中國鐵道出版社 ， 2021 [10] 折學森．軟土地基沉降計算 [M]．北京 ：人民交通出版社， 1998 [11]龔曉南．復合地基理論及工程應用 [M]．北京：中國建筑工業(yè)出版社 ． 2021． [12] 王 麗艷，袁新明．微型樁復合地基沉降和動力特性研究 [J]．水利學報 ， 2021，36(12)： 1 492— 1 497 [13] 陳德春，劉祖德．混凝土剛性短樁復合地基在軟土地基加固中的應用 [J]．土木基礎， 2021， 17(3)： 31— 33 [14] 郝 文化． ANSYS 土木工程應用實例 [M]．北京：中國水利水電 出版社 ． 2021． [15] ]吳鴻慶，任俠．結構有限元分析 [M]．北京：中國鐵道出版社 ． 2021 [16]祝彥知．復合地基各向異性地震反應的數(shù)值模擬 [J]．工業(yè)建筑 。 2021， 35(6)：45— 48． [17]金雷 ． 高速公路路堤逐級填筑下路基沉降變形數(shù)值仿真分析 ． 河南省交通廳 ,中外公路 2021， 34— 37 ag an employment tribunal clai Emloyment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees. You may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: you don39。t agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly. For more informu, take advice from one of the anisations listed under Further help. Employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation. Most people find 畢業(yè)設計（論文）專用紙 ————————————————————————————— ————————— 30 making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. If you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the anisations listed under Further help. ation about dismissal and unfair dismissal, see Dismissal. You can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haven39。t appealed against the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any pensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal. Remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are plaining about happened. If your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept i. If you are worried about how the time limits apply to you If you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your pensation if you win the case. This is known as a damagesbased agreement. In England and Wales, your solicitor can39。t charge you more than 35% of your pensation if you win the case. you39。re clear about the terms of the agreement. It might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a Citizens Advice Bureau. To find your nearest CAB, including those that give advice by e mail, click on nearest CAB. For more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, see Employment tribunals. The (lack of) air up there Watch m Cay man Islandsbased Webb, the head of Fifa39。s antiracism taskforce, is in London for the Football Association39。s 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend City39。s Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday. I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Ya ya Toure, he told BBC Sport. For me it39。s about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was. Uefa has opened disciplinary proceedings against CSKA for the racist behaviour of their fans during City39。s 21 win. Michel Platini, president of European football39。s governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referee39。s actions. CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toure39。s plaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA. Age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. May be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day。 May be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it. 一字開頭的年齡已經(jīng)到了尾聲。或許是愧疚于自己似乎把轉瞬即逝的很多個不同的日子過成了同一天的樣子；或許是追溯過去，對自己那些近乎偏執(zhí)的怪異信念的醒悟，這些天以來，思緒一直很凌亂，在腦海中不斷糾纏。總覺得自己似乎應該去做點什么，或者寫點什么。二十年的人生 軌跡深深淺淺，突然就感覺到有些事情，非做不可了。 The end of our life, and can meet many things really do? 而窮盡我們的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？ During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional。 Junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isn39。t really grow up, it seems is not so important。 Then in high school, think don39。t want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, look