【正文】 往往存在時(shí)滯，管理者可能會(huì)因此喪失糾正偏差的時(shí)機(jī)。所以，管理者更需要在問題發(fā)生前就采取有效的預(yù)防措施，避免偏差和損失的發(fā)生。前饋控制就是 “防患于未然 ”，是控制的最高境界。 。 案例 7：宇宙冰箱廠 1．企業(yè)應(yīng)如何設(shè)置組織結(jié)構(gòu)？到底應(yīng)該“因事設(shè)人”還是“因人設(shè)事”？ 答：企業(yè)設(shè)置組織結(jié)構(gòu)的原則。依 據(jù)教材上的觀點(diǎn)，企業(yè)設(shè)置組織結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)堅(jiān)持以下原則：目標(biāo)任務(wù)原則；權(quán)責(zé)利相結(jié)合的原則；分工協(xié)作及精干高效原則；適宜的管理幅度的原則；統(tǒng)一指揮和權(quán)力制衡原則；集權(quán)與分權(quán)相結(jié)合原則。 依據(jù)組織結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)置的目標(biāo)任務(wù)原則，應(yīng)堅(jiān)持因事設(shè)人，以事為中心，因事設(shè)機(jī)構(gòu)、設(shè)崗位、設(shè)職務(wù)，配備適宜的管理人員。但是，這并不是一成不變的。為了適應(yīng)內(nèi)外環(huán)境的變化，適應(yīng)企業(yè)目標(biāo)任務(wù)的要求，對(duì)職務(wù)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行調(diào)整，對(duì)人員進(jìn)行調(diào)配，也是對(duì)組織結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)置原則的靈活運(yùn)用。 2．你認(rèn)為王教授的建議是否合適？ 答：王教授的建議比較合適，這是經(jīng)過實(shí)踐檢驗(yàn)的。 正如王教授所說，理論應(yīng)該隨著管理環(huán)境以及管理實(shí)際的需要而改變。 3．你怎樣看待小劉的疑問？ 答：關(guān)于小劉的疑問。小劉剛剛大學(xué)畢業(yè)，沒有實(shí)際工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，難免事事唯書為上，理論與實(shí)踐相脫節(jié)。 Visafree policy brings Chengdu biz, tourism boost. Making national headlines several times, Chengdu39。s 72hour visafree policy has attracted wide attention from both Chinese and foreign experts and businessmen since it took effect on Sept 1 last year. The program permits citizens from 51 countries and regions including the United States, Australia, Canada and Japan who have valid visas and flight tickets to a third country to spend three days in the city. The capital of Sichuan province is the first city in the western region of China to offer foreign tourists a threeday visa and the fourth nationwide to adopt the policy following Shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou. Li Zhiyong, deputy dean of the tourism institute at Sichuan University, said the move contributes to a large increase in the number of overseas tourists and raises the city39。s level of internationalization. The policy will also bring direct economic revenue, Li said. Chengdu has many cultural legacies and is also a paradise for panda lovers with the world39。s largest breeding and research center. Three days are long enough for foreign visitors to visit those iconic tourist spots, he noted. The city is home to the remains of the Jin sha civilization that dates back more than 3,000 years as well as the Qing cheng Mountains and the Du jiang yan irrigation system. Qing cheng has long been recognized as the birthplace of Taoism, China39。s ancient indigenous religion, while Du jiang yan is considered to be the oldest functioning watercontrol project in the world. Chengdu ranked third in tourist facilities, management and services among 60 Chinese cities in a customer satisfaction survey released last year. But, Li added that efforts are still needed to develop more tourism products, improve English services and provide accurate translation of traffic signs and scenic billboards. Zhao Yun, chairwoman of British Chamber of Commerce Southwest China, told China Daily that his colleagues found the policy very convenient. A British client once flew here and stayed for just one day to check her ordered goods, she said. Zhao was born in Shanxi province, but she has lived in Chengdu for more than 10 years. My life was like a running race moving from place to place. I also lived in Beijing and Shanghai before, she said. But Chengdu is a place that you never want to leave once settling down. It is now my second hometown, she said. If the environment is further improved, the city will attract more people to visit and live, with the 72hour visafree policy and pelling conditions in transportation, culture, climate and cuisine, he said. Foreigners also gave positive feedback on the policy. A spokesman from Dell Inc said the pany has a global hub of operation in Chengdu, so the threeday visa has an immediate and positive influence on the pany39。s business development. Rudy Buttignol, president of the public broadcasting pany in British Columbia, Canada, said his work requires frequent travel to Chengdu and the policy makes the trips easier. Data from the city39。s public security bureau shows some 100 foreign visitors enjoyed the 72hour policy by the end of March, most of them from the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany. Chengdu also reported robust growth in its overall tourist industry last year. Official statistics show that it received some 150 million tourists last year, an increase of 28 percent from 2021. Around million came from abroad, an increase of 12 percent. Total revenue from tourism surpassed 133 billion yuan ($). During his visit to Kazakhstan in September, Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed that China and Central Asia join hands to build a Silk Road economic belt to boost cooperation. The idea has been widely echoed in Central Asian countries, being an encouraging blueprint for Chinese areas along the Silk Road that has linked Asia and Europe for more than 2,000 years. In the next three weeks, China Daily reporters will travel through the belt in China and in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkey. They will show the progress and expectations of the countries, businesses and peoples on the route. Shaanxi the start of the ancient Silk Road has positioned itself as the new starting point for the development of the Silk Road Economic Belt, which will strengthen China39。s cooperation with Central Asian countries, a senior official said. Shaanxi Governor Lou Qinjian said the province is fresh, rich and unique, as it was when it anchored one end of the ancient Silk Road. It is the best option for acmodating industrial transfers from East China or the world at large, he said on Wednesday in Xi39。an. Lou held a joint interview with 27 media, including China Daily, the first in a series of interviews entitled Chinese Media Along the Silk Road. The interviews will be in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces and the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, as well as Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkey. The media group held the first interview on Wednesday morning in Xi39。an, the starting point of the ancient Silk Road, a trade channel established more than 2,000 years ago linking China, Central Asia and Europe.