【正文】 二、填空題（每小題 1 分，共 15 分） ________、家長、指導(dǎo)者和組織管理者四類構(gòu)成。 、啟發(fā)孩子表現(xiàn)美、鼓勵孩子 ________、塑造孩子美的心靈。 ，概括地講就是音樂、 ________和胎兒體操。 ，是指由家庭外 ________組織的，以幼兒家長為主要對象的，以家庭教育為主要內(nèi)容的指導(dǎo)活動。 ________和歷史的功能兩大類。 ________、漸進(jìn)性原則和適切性原則。 “關(guān)愛”與“權(quán)威”兩個向度可以交互組成四種主要的教養(yǎng)類型，即 ________、絕對權(quán)威型、寬松溺愛型和忽視冷漠型。 ，祖輩家長的家庭類型以主干家庭、 ________和留守家庭為主。 ________兩個方面。 ________。 ________。 ________為標(biāo)志的。 ________和開展早期的閱讀教育。 ，一是父母主動地傾聽；二是父母與孩子共同參與 ________。 第 14 頁 共 15 頁 ，提倡多樣性；改變封閉式，提倡開放式；改變灌輸型，提倡家長 ________。 三、名詞解釋 (每小題 3 分，共 15 分 ) 四、簡答題 (每小題 5 分，共 25 分 ) 。 ? ? 念應(yīng)包括哪些方面 ? ? 五、論述題 (10 分 ) 。 六、材料分析題 (共 15 分 ) ?古人主張既要慈愛，也要教育。司馬光在其所著《家范》一書中寫道：“為人母者，不患不慈，患于知愛而不知教也??愛而不教，使淪于不肖，陷于大惡，入于刑辟，歸于亂亡，非他人敗之也，母敗之也”。明朝呂坤父子編輯的《小兒語》中說：“小兒任情嬌慣，大來負(fù)了親心，費盡千辛萬苦，分明養(yǎng)個仇人?！薄按蛞幌?，兒偏疼，說一句 ，兒偏怨，口噙一個嬌兒，送到殺場干看?！? 請結(jié)合上述材料分析學(xué)前兒童家庭教育中堅持理性施愛和要求適度相結(jié)合原則的原因。 Visafree policy brings Chengdu biz, tourism boost. Making national headlines several times, Chengdu39。s 72hour visafree policy has attracted wide attention from both Chinese and foreign experts and businessmen since it took effect on Sept 1 last year. The program permits citizens from 51 countries and region s including the United States, Australia, Canada and Japan who have valid visas and flight tickets to a third country to spend three days in the city. The capital of Sichuan province is the first city in the western region of China to offer foreign tourists a threeday visa and the fourth nationwide to adopt the policy following Shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou. Li Zhiyong, deputy dean of the tourism institute at Sichuan University, said the move contributes to a large increase in the number of overseas tourists and raises the city39。s level of internationalization. The policy will also bring direct economic revenue, Li said. Chengdu has many cultural legacies and is also a paradise for panda lovers with the world39。s largest breeding and research center. Three days are long enough for foreign visitors to visit those iconic tourist spots, he noted. The city is home to the remains of the Jin sha civilization that dates back more than 3,000 years as well as the Qing cheng Mountains and the Du jiang yan irrigation system. Qing cheng has long been recognized as the birthplace of Taoism, China39。s ancient indigenous religion, while Du jiang yan is considered to be the oldest functioning watercontrol project in the world. Chengdu ranked third in tourist facilities, management and services among 60 Chinese cities in a customer satisfaction survey released last year. But, Li added that efforts are still needed to develop more tourism products, improve English services and provide accurate translation of traffic signs and scenic billboards. Zhao Yun, chairwoman of British Chamber of Commerce Southwest China, told China Daily that his colleagues found the policy very convenient. A British client once flew here and stayed for just one day to check her ordered goods, she said. Zhao was born in Shanxi province, but she has lived in Chengdu for more than 10 years. My life was like a running race mo ving from place to place. I also lived in Beijing and Shanghai before, she said. But Chengdu is a place that you never want to leave once settling down. It is now my second hometown, she said. If the environment is further improved, the city will attrac t more people to visit and live, with the 72hour visafree policy and pelling conditions in transportation, culture, climate and cuisine, he said. Foreigners also gave positive feedback on the policy. A spokesman from Dell Inc said the pany has a gl obal hub of operation in Chengdu, so the threeday visa has an immediate and positive influence on the pany39。s business development. Rudy Buttignol, president of the public broadcasting pany in British Columbia, Canada, said his work requires frequent travel to Chengdu and the policy makes the trips easier. Data from the city39。s public security bureau shows some 100 foreign visitors enjoyed the 72hour policy by the end of March, most of them from the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany. Chengdu also reported robust growth in its overall tourist industry last year. Official statistics show that it received some 150 million tourists last year, an increase of 28 percent from 2021. Around million came from abroad, an increase of 12 percent. Total revenue from tourism surpassed 133 billion yuan ($). During his visit to Kazakhstan in September, Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed that China and Central Asia join hands to build a Silk Road economic belt to boost cooperation. The idea has been widely echoed in Central Asian countries, being an encouraging blueprint for Chinese areas along the Silk Road that has linked Asia and Europe for more 第 15 頁 共 15 頁 than 2,000 years. In the next three weeks, China Daily reporters will travel through the belt in China and in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkey. They will show the progress and expectations of the countries, businesses and peoples on the route. Shaanxi the start of the ancient Silk Road has positioned itself as the new starting point for the development of the Silk Road Economic Belt, which will strengthen China39。s cooperation with Central Asian countries, a senior official said. Shaanxi Governor Lou Qinjian said the province is fresh, rich and unique, as it was when it anchored one end of the ancient Silk Road. It is the best option for acmodating industrial transfers from East China or the world at large, he said on Wednesday in Xi39。an. Lou held a joint interview with 27 media, including China Daily, the first in a series of interviews entitled Chinese Media Along the Silk Road. The interviews will be in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces and the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, as well as Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkey. The media group held the fi