【正文】
渠道:融品語交際于語文課堂之中,以課本為主,課內(nèi)外結(jié)合,校內(nèi)外相貫通,讓學(xué)生在大量的語言實(shí) 踐活動中提高口語交際能力;開展豐富的語文活動,組織各種班內(nèi)活動,讓學(xué)生到生活中交流,精心組織課內(nèi)交流課;在社會實(shí)踐中鍛煉提高。 口語交際情境創(chuàng)設(shè)有哪些方法?( 111 頁 113 頁 4 點(diǎn)) 語言創(chuàng)境,媒體渲染,角色扮演,實(shí)物創(chuàng)境。 第十一章:嶄新的語文綜合性學(xué)習(xí) 語文綜合性學(xué)習(xí)有什么意義?( 118 頁綜合性、生活性、過程性、個性化) 過去的《大綱》從沒有提過;它將更新語文學(xué)習(xí)與教學(xué)的理念、思路與舉措。綜合性學(xué)習(xí)方式有以下特性:( 1)、綜合性:從語文學(xué)科的特質(zhì)、理念、目標(biāo)出發(fā),溝通語文課與其他課,課內(nèi) 與課外,校內(nèi)與校外,書本與生活,從而引導(dǎo)學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用語文知識解決問題,促進(jìn)學(xué)生語文素養(yǎng)的提高。( 2)、生活性:開放語文課程,使封閉的語文課程轉(zhuǎn)為開放走向生活,自然,社會 …… ( 3)、過程性:重在全員參與的整個過程,問題 解決,活動 探究為載體。( 4)、個性化:綜合性學(xué)習(xí)是生活化,個性化的語文學(xué)習(xí),非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化模式的學(xué)習(xí)。 語文綜合性學(xué)習(xí)有哪幾種方式?( 119 頁三種方式) ( 1)問題 解決 (自己提出生活學(xué)習(xí)中的問題,討論并解決問題) ( 2)觀察 表達(dá) (觀察大自然,社會,并把觀察所得通 過書面和口頭表達(dá)出來。) ( 3)活動 探究 (在教師指導(dǎo)下組織活動,策劃簡單的活動) 活動目標(biāo):由教師指導(dǎo)逐步發(fā)展到由學(xué)生自主策劃組織,實(shí)踐總結(jié)。 怎樣進(jìn)行綜合性學(xué)習(xí)的指導(dǎo)? ( 1)綜合性學(xué)習(xí)的指導(dǎo)應(yīng)突出自主、合作、探究 a、指導(dǎo)學(xué)生自主選擇綜合性學(xué)習(xí)的主題,而不是代替學(xué)生選擇。 b、重視學(xué)生之間的合作、互助與交流,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生策劃,組織、協(xié)調(diào)和實(shí)施的能力。 ( 2)語文綜合性學(xué)習(xí),重要說的是開發(fā)利用學(xué)習(xí)的資源和創(chuàng)造學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會。 第十二章:信息技術(shù)與語文課程的整合 《語文課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》關(guān)于信息技術(shù)與 語文課程整合方面提出了哪些要求? 現(xiàn)代社會要求公民具備良好的人文素養(yǎng)和科學(xué)素養(yǎng),具備創(chuàng)新精神、合作意識和開放的視野、具備包括閱讀理解與表達(dá)交流在內(nèi)的多方面的基本能力,以及運(yùn)用現(xiàn)代技術(shù)搜集和處理信息的能力。 ” “就拓寬語文學(xué)習(xí)和運(yùn)用的領(lǐng)域,注重跨學(xué)科的學(xué)習(xí)和現(xiàn)代化科技手段的運(yùn)用,使學(xué)生在不同內(nèi)容和方法的相互交叉、滲透和整合中開闊視野,提高學(xué)習(xí)效率,初步獲得現(xiàn)代社會所需要的語文實(shí)踐能力。 ” “應(yīng)當(dāng)密切關(guān)注當(dāng)代社會信息化的進(jìn)程,推動語言課程的改革和發(fā)展。 ” “利用圖書館、網(wǎng)絡(luò)等信息渠道嘗試進(jìn)行探究性閱讀。擴(kuò) 展自己的閱讀面。 ” “為解決與學(xué)習(xí)和生活相關(guān)的問題,利用圖書館、網(wǎng)絡(luò)等信息渠道獲取資料,嘗試寫簡單的研究報告。 ” “教材的體例和呈現(xiàn)方式應(yīng)避免模式化,鼓勵靈活多樣,注意為學(xué)生設(shè)計體驗(yàn)性活動和研究性專題,重視運(yùn)用現(xiàn)代信息技術(shù)。 ” “語文課程資源包括課堂教學(xué)資源和課外教學(xué)資源,例如:教科書、教學(xué)掛圖、工具書、其他圖書、報刊、電影、電視、廣播、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、報告會 ……” 第十三章:課程評價的對比 語文課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語文課程評價的目的是什么? 語文課程評價的目的不僅是為了考查學(xué)生實(shí)現(xiàn)課程目標(biāo)的程度,更重要的是為了檢驗(yàn) 和改進(jìn)學(xué)生的語文學(xué)習(xí)和教師的教學(xué),改善課程設(shè)計,完善教學(xué)過程,從而有效地促進(jìn)學(xué)生的發(fā)展。不就過分強(qiáng)調(diào)評價的甄別和選拔功能。 《語文課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》全新的評價理念決定了哪些新的評價策略?( 146 頁 151 頁六方面)( 1)單項和綜合相結(jié)合,注重綜合的評價;( 2)形成性和終結(jié)性相結(jié)合,注重形成過程的評價(成長記錄袋);( 3)定性與定量相結(jié)合,注重定性評價;( 4)關(guān)注差異,促進(jìn)每一個學(xué)生的發(fā)展;( 5)注意教師的評價、學(xué)生的自我評價與學(xué)生間互相評價相結(jié)合;( 6)鼓勵探索創(chuàng)新,優(yōu)化評價方法:題型的開放、命題的開放、 多套試題、允許多次考試、自主展示學(xué)習(xí)成果、多向互動性、全員參與性、學(xué)習(xí)趨動性、評價及時性。 A boxer that only has front legs refuses to let his disability hold him back as he charges across a beach with his fourlegged pals.一條只有兩條前肢的拳師犬不愿讓殘疾成為前進(jìn)的障礙,他同其他四條腿的伙伴們一同在海灘上盡情狂奔。 In an adorable video showing his first trip to the beach, Duncan Lou Who can been seen excitedly galloping along the sand and paddling in the Duncan Lou Who 的狗第一次來到海邊的場景,他興奮地在沙灘上飛奔、或是趟水嬉戲。 His exciting day trip was filmed by Panda Paws Rescue, a Washington statebased charity that cares for Duncan and other dogs with special 由位于華盛頓州的慈善組織 Panda Paws Rescue 拍攝,該組織專門照料 Duncan以及其他有特殊需求的狗。 Despite only having front limbs, the boxer is able to not only balance, but also run really fast and play with the other dogs that joined him for the , Duncan不僅能讓自己保持平衡,還能快速奔跑,和其余同他一起遠(yuǎn)足的狗 狗玩耍。He was born with deformed back legs, which were later removed to make the dog more fortable. Duncan 出生時,它的后肢就是畸形的,此后為了讓他舒服些 ,只能進(jìn)行截肢。His owners, who posted the video on YouTube, said he has a wheelchair but doesn39。t like to use YouTube 上,他們說有一把供 Duncan使用的輪椅,但是他并不愛用。 39。We let him be free and just walk on his two legs. There is some slow motion in this video, but none of the video has been sped up, this gives you an idea of how fast Duncan really it,39。 his owners said. “我們讓他自由地用兩條腿行走。視頻中有些特意制作的慢鏡頭,但是沒有任何一處做過加速處理,你們可以通過視頻感受到 Duncan 跑得有多快。 ”主人們說。 The thrill of running through the surf was clear to see, as Duncan raced people and dogs across the sand, with his tail wagging excitedly. Duncan踏著浪花,在沙灘上同其他人及狗賽跑,還興奮地?fù)u著尾巴,他的喜悅之情顯而易見。Duncan39。s owners have described him as a 39。trooper39。, adding on charity39。s Facebook page: 39。He39。s happy, healthy and as far as he knows, normal too.39。主人們用 “騎兵 ”一詞來形容 Duncan,他們在組織的 Facebook中寫道: “他很快樂,也很健康;而且在他自己看來,他是條正常的狗。 ”39。It would be the best if he had four legs, of course, but his body wasn39。t built to have back legs and that39。s OK. He and we have just adapted.39。 “他如果能有四條腿當(dāng)然最好,但是他天生就失去了后肢,這也沒什么關(guān)系,無論是他還是我們都已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了這一點(diǎn)。 ” I39。m thankful to PSG for giving me the opportunity to continue but I feel now is the right time to finish my career, playing at the highest level. If you had told me as a young boy I would have played for and won trophies with my boyhood club Manchester United, proudly captained and played for my country over one hundred times and lined up for some of the biggest clubs in the world, I would have told you it was a fantasy. I39。m fortunate to have realised those this day, one of my proudest achievements is captaining my country. I knew every time I wore the Three Lions shirt, I was not only following in a long line of great players, I was also representing every fan that cared passionately about their country. I am honoured to represent England both on and off the wouldn39。t have achieved what I have done today without my family. I39。m grateful for my parents39。 sacrifice, which made me realise my dreams. I owe everything to Victoria and the kids, who have given me the inspiration and support to play at the highest level for such a long period. I also want to thank Simon Fuller and his team for their continued support. I want to thank all my teammates, the great managers that I had the pleasure of learning from. I also want to thank the fans who have all supported me and given me the strength to succeed. Nothing will ever pletely replace playing the game I love, however I feel like I39。m starting a new adventure and I39。m genuinely excited about what lies ahead. I39。m fortunate to have been given many opportunities throughout my career and now I feel it39。s my time to give back.