【正文】 els and write censored letters. 允許俘虜們接受紅十字會的食品包裹，也允許他們寫信， 不過信要受到檢查。 第六節(jié) 練習(xí)題 (5) She cannot politely turn down the invitation to her boss’s party. 她若拒絕她老板的晚會邀請，這在禮貌上也說不過去。 (6) The year 1983 began—and ended—with an unusual oil crisis: fears that the price of crude oil would not go up but down. 1983年新年伊始，就存在著一種異乎尋常的石油危機(jī)：人 們擔(dān)心石油價格要下降，而不是上揚。這一年結(jié)束的時候， 情況依然如此。 第六節(jié) 練習(xí)題 (7) After entering her room, she crashed down on a protesting chair. 進(jìn)入房間后，她猛一下坐到椅子上，把椅子壓得吱吱響。 (8) The dust, the uproar and the growing dark threw everything into chaos. 煙塵滾滾，人聲嘈雜，夜色愈深，一切都陷入混亂之中。 第六節(jié) 練習(xí)題 (9) The maximum demand for electricity today is expected to double within a decade. 可以預(yù)料，目前對電的需要量在十年內(nèi)會增加一倍。 (10) The number of the young people in the United States who cannot read is incredible—about one in four. 大約有四分之一的美國年輕人沒有閱讀能力。這簡直令人 難以置信！ 第六節(jié) 練習(xí)題 (1) Let us have a look at the following figure showing how heat makes objects expand. 讓我們仔細(xì)看一下下面這幅圖，它說明了熱是如何使物體 膨脹的。 (2) The weight of an object has been found to vary from place to place on the earth. 已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，一個物體的重量在地球上因地而異。 二、將下列句子譯成漢語，注意斜體詞語的分譯。 第六節(jié) 練習(xí)題 (5) With the increased production made possible by the assembly line, cars became much cheaper. 由于實現(xiàn)了汽車裝配線作業(yè)，汽車的產(chǎn)量增加了，價錢也 便宜多了。 (6) He rushed into the bedroom, continued the quarrel, high words passed on both sides. 他沖進(jìn)臥室繼續(xù)爭吵，雙方互不相讓，惡語相加。 第六節(jié) 練習(xí)題 (7) She had left a note of wele for me, as sunny as her face. 她留下一封短信，對我表示歡迎，那信寫得熱情洋溢， 一如其人。 (8) Being absorbed in his work, Pete did not notice his father speaking to him. 由于專心工作，彼得沒有注意他的父親在對他說話。 第六節(jié) 練習(xí)題 (9) Susan’s ability to diagnose rare diseases without relying on laboratory tests impresses all her teachers. 所有教過蘇珊的老師都很佩服蘇珊的能力，她可以不依靠 化驗來診斷一些罕見的病例。 (10) Her weariness and the increasing heat determined her to sit down in the first convenient shade. 她感到疲倦，而且天氣越來越熱。這使她決定一遇到合適 的陰涼處，就坐下來休息。 第六節(jié) 練習(xí)題 (1) Two of the advantages of the transistor are its being small in size and its being able to be put close to each other without overheating. 晶體管有兩個優(yōu)點，一是體積小，二是能相互靠近放置也 不會過熱。 (2) The need for an individual to maintain a stable body temperature in the face of possibly hostile environments is only one example of the plex interactions between living systems and their environments. 在險惡環(huán)境中，人需要保持體溫的穩(wěn)定。這種需要僅僅是 各個生物體與所處環(huán)境發(fā)生復(fù)雜相互作用的一個例子。 三、將下列句子譯成漢語，注意句子的分譯。 第六節(jié) 練習(xí)題 (3) The laser is a very useful means for long distance munications, the great accuracy in the direction of its beams making effective use of small amounts of power. 激光是遠(yuǎn)距離通訊非常有用的工具，它的光束定向異常 準(zhǔn)確，能有效地利用少量的能源。 (4) A movie of him leaving that foxhole would look like a shell leaving a rifle. 要是拍成電影，他離開掩體時的速度之快，就像出膛的子 彈一樣。 第六節(jié) 練習(xí)題 (5) About 59% by weight of the human body is water, the proportion varying from tissue to tissue. 按體重，人體大約 59%是水分，而這種比例也是隨著人體 組織的不同而有差異。 (6) Flying is the oldest dream of man, perhaps dating back to the days when caveman looked longingly upward at the birds flying overhead as they wearily pursued the animals on the earth beneath. 飛行是人類最古老的夢想，這也許要追溯到穴居人時代。 那時候，當(dāng)他們在地面上追捕動物累得筋疲力盡時，仰頭 看著在頭頂上飛翔的鳥兒，無限向往。 第六節(jié) 練習(xí)題 (7) The light speed being known, it would be possible to decide the distance from the earth to the moon provided that a single light beam could be sent to the moon and made to return to the earth’s receiving station. 因為光速是已知的，所以只要能將一束光束送上月球并 使它返回地球接收站，就可能測量從地球到月球的距離。 第六節(jié) 練習(xí)題 (8) During the elaboration of the economic principles, he has been so damned delayed by putational errors that out of despair he undertook again a quick scanning of the algebra. 在制定政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理時，計算的誤差大大地阻礙了他。 失望之余，他只有重新坐下來，把代數(shù)迅速地溫習(xí)一遍。 第六節(jié) 練習(xí)題 (9) The deserted mining village, protruding pitheads overgrown with tall grass and rusting refineries behind crumbling walls, situated in valleys, was surrounded by thick wooded mountain slopes, hot springs gushing out here and there. 這個荒蕪的礦區(qū)村莊坐落在山谷里，四周是密林滿布的山 坡，到處有溫泉。村莊里聳立著礦坑井口，周圍長滿了很 高的野草，斷墻殘壁的后面是銹跡斑斑的冶煉設(shè)備。 第六節(jié) 練習(xí)題 (10) Wilson started as student of meteorology, and his interest in cloud formation led him to invent the cloud chamber, which became a basic tool of nuclear physics. 威爾遜一開始是個學(xué)氣象的學(xué)生，因為對云的成因感興趣， 他發(fā)明了云室，而云室卻是研究核物理的一種基本工具。 第七節(jié) 正反譯法 ? （ 1） Only five customers remained in the bar. ? 酒吧間只有五個顧客還沒走。 ? 原文從正面表達(dá)，譯文從反面表達(dá)。如譯成“還呆在那里”，則不如“還沒走”更符合漢語習(xí)慣。 ? （ 2） I wrote three books in the first two years, a record never reached before. ? 我頭兩年寫了三本書，打破了以往的記錄。 ? 原文從反面表達(dá)，譯文從正面表達(dá)。如譯成“這是他從前從未達(dá)到的記錄”則顯得很別扭。 ? （ 3） I have read your articles, but I expect to meet an older man. ? 我讀過你的文章，但沒料到你這樣年輕。 ? 本句如譯成“我讀過你文章，但我料想會見到一個年紀(jì)更大的人”則不符合漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣。 第七節(jié) 正反譯法 ? （ 4） A radar screen is not unlike a television. ? 雷達(dá)熒光屏跟電視熒光屏一樣。 ? 本句如果譯成“雷達(dá)熒光屏不是不像電視熒光屏一樣”則不夠通順。 ? 從以上四例中，我們可以看到，有些句子從正面譯不順，不妨從反面譯；反面譯不順，則不妨從正面譯，因為同一個概念，一個民族正著說，以為是合乎表達(dá)習(xí)慣的，而另一個民族則認(rèn)為反著說才順嘴。因此，在恰當(dāng)?shù)膱龊响`活運用正反譯法不失為確保譯文語義明晰、文從字順的有效手段。正反譯法適用的范圍很廣，不僅包括動詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、連詞等不同詞類，而且還包括一些詞組或短語以及從句等。下面分別予以舉例說明。 第七節(jié) 練習(xí)題 (1) If the weather holds a couple of days, the team of the explorers will set off. 假如天氣三兩天里保持不變，探險隊就出發(fā)。 (2) The Foreign Minister doubted the desirability of a negotiation to be held at this time. 外交部長認(rèn)為此時舉行談判并無必要。 一、將下列句子譯成漢語，并注意將斜體部分正說反譯。 第七節(jié) 練習(xí)題 (3) John dived into the water fully clothed and rescued the old lady. 約翰沒有脫衣服就跳入水中并救出了那個老太太。 (4) The soldiers would rather fight to death before they surrendered. 戰(zhàn)士們寧愿戰(zhàn)斗到死而決不投降。 第七節(jié) 練習(xí)題 (5) While trade is good, money is very tight at present. 盡管生意不錯，但目前資金仍然十分緊張。