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中學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法資料大全-資料下載頁(yè)

2025-08-14 15:30本頁(yè)面

【導(dǎo)讀】1.定義:用作表語(yǔ)的從句叫做表語(yǔ)從句。這都是20多年前的事了,但宛如昨天一樣。2.在一些表示―建議、勸說(shuō)、命令‖的名詞后面的表語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。hould+動(dòng)詞原形表示,should可省略。很明顯,她們確是親姐妹,她們的臉型很相似。Whetherhe’llehereisn’tclear.他是否會(huì)來(lái)這里還不清楚。Whoeveresiswele.不論誰(shuí)來(lái)都?xì)g迎。家----我唯一的家。1.主語(yǔ)從句能用it作形式上的主語(yǔ)。It’sapitythatwecan’tgo.很遺憾我們不能去。據(jù)報(bào)道中國(guó)又成功地發(fā)射了一顆人造地球衛(wèi)星。D.It+seem,happen等不及物動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)+that從句。E.It+doesn’tmatter+連接代詞或連接副詞引起。下周那位科學(xué)家將。給我們作報(bào)告是真的嗎?他們明天不來(lái)很要緊。孩子們這么安靜真奇怪!uwho)你們當(dāng)中不論哪個(gè)進(jìn)來(lái)將會(huì)得到獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。

  

【正文】 ld ask the teacher for advice. B. The fact that the earth moves around the sun is known to all. (同位語(yǔ)從句) 地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn),這個(gè)事實(shí)人人皆知。 The fact is that the earth moves around the sun. C. Pay attention to the problem how we can protect the wild animals. (同位語(yǔ)從句) 請(qǐng)注意如何保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物這個(gè)問(wèn)題。 The problem is how we can protect the wild animals. ( 6)不定式的構(gòu)成 1. 不定式的構(gòu)成 不定式是由不定式符號(hào) to+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成,在某些情況下 to 也可省略。 不定式一般有時(shí)式和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化,通常有下表中的幾種形式(以 do 為例): 主動(dòng)式 被動(dòng)式 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 進(jìn)行式 to be doing / 完成進(jìn)行式 to have been doing 1) 不定式的一般式 不定式的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作通常與主要謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生,或是在它之后發(fā)生。如 : They invited us to go there this summer. 他們邀請(qǐng)我們今年夏天去那兒。 He stood aside for me to pass. 他站到一邊讓我通過(guò)。 2) 不定式的完成式 不定式的完成式所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生,它在句中可作表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ),有時(shí)也可作主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。如: She seemed to have heard about this matter. 她似乎已聽說(shuō)過(guò)這件事。 I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 我很抱歉讓你等了這么久。 I meant to have told you about it, but I happened to have an important thing to do. 我本來(lái)想告訴你這件事的,但我碰巧有一件重要的事要做。 It has been an honor for me to have traveled so much in your country. 對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō),在你們國(guó)家旅行這么多地方是一件很榮幸的事情。 3) 不定式的進(jìn)行式 不定式的進(jìn)行式表示正在進(jìn)行的與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。它在句中可以用作除謂語(yǔ)以外的所有成分。如: It’s nice of you to be helping us these days. 你真好,這些天一直幫我們。 He pretended to be listening to the teacher carefully. 他假裝在認(rèn)真地聽老師講課。 We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here. 我們沒(méi)料到你一直在這兒等我們。 4) 不定式的完成進(jìn)行式 如果不定式表示的動(dòng)作是謂語(yǔ)所表示時(shí)間之前一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,就需要用完成進(jìn)行式。如: They are said to have been working in Tibet for 20 years. 據(jù)說(shuō)他們已經(jīng)在西藏工作 20 年了。 We are happy to have been helping each other these days. 我們很高興這些天能互相幫助。 5) 動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式是由 not 或 never 加不定式構(gòu)成。如: Try not to be late again next time. 盡量下次不要再遲到。 He wished us never to meet her again. 他希望我們永遠(yuǎn)不要再見到她。 6) 疑問(wèn)詞 +動(dòng)詞不定式: 不定式和疑問(wèn)詞 whether, what, which, whom, where, when, how, why 等連用可以在句中起名詞的作用,通常跟在 tell, know, show, decide, learn, wonder, explain, advise, teach, discuss, find out 等動(dòng)詞后面作賓語(yǔ),有時(shí)也可以充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。如: On hearing the news, he didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry. 聽到這個(gè)消息,他不知道該哭還是該笑。 When to hold the meeting has not decided. 什么時(shí)候開會(huì)還沒(méi)有決定。 The most important problem is how to get so much money. 最重要的事情是如何搞到這么多錢。 介詞后一般不直接接不定式,但可以接疑問(wèn)詞 +不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)。如: Mary gave some advice on how to learn English. 瑪麗提了一些如何學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的建議。 I have no idea of how to do it. 我不知道該怎么做。 7) 不定式的被動(dòng)式: 當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng) 作的承受者時(shí),不定式一般要用被動(dòng)形式, to be +過(guò)去分詞和 to have been +過(guò)去分詞。這些形式可以用來(lái)作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。如: It’s a good thing for him to have been scolded by the teacher. 對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō),被老師責(zé)備是一件好事。 They seemed to be satisfied with the result. 他們似乎對(duì)結(jié)果很滿意。 He asked to be sent to work in the countryside. 他要求被派往農(nóng)村工作。 She was the last person to have been mentioned at the meeting. 她是會(huì)上最后一個(gè)被提到的人。 I had to shout to be heard. 我不得不大喊才能被聽到。 We don’t like our friends to be laughed at from time to time. 我們不喜歡我們的朋友不時(shí)地被嘲笑。 2. 不定式的語(yǔ)法作用 1) 不定式作主語(yǔ): To see once is better than to hear a hundred times. 百聞不如一見。 To master a foreign language is not an easy thing. 掌握一門外語(yǔ)不是一件容易的事。 在很多情況下,人們通常用 it 作為形式上的主語(yǔ),而把不定式短語(yǔ)移到謂語(yǔ)之后,使句子顯得平穩(wěn)一些。如: It’s good manners to wait in line. 排隊(duì) 等候是很有禮貌的。 It made us very angry to hear him speak to his mother like that. 聽到他那樣跟他媽媽說(shuō)話我們很生氣。 2) 不定式作表語(yǔ): The most important thing is to put theory into practice. 最重要的事情是把理論付諸實(shí)踐。 The greatest happiness is to work for the happiness of all. 最大的幸福就是為大家的幸福而工作。 3) 不定式作賓語(yǔ): He wanted to know the truth. 他想知道真相。 I prefer to be starved to death rather than beg. 我寧愿被餓死也不愿乞討。 He pretended to have read the book when I asked him about it. 我問(wèn)到他的時(shí)候,他假裝讀過(guò)這本書。 另外,不定式在某些復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中作賓語(yǔ) 時(shí),人們常常用 it 代表不定式,而將真實(shí)賓語(yǔ)放在補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之后。如: Do you think it better to translate it in this way? 你認(rèn)為這樣翻譯是不是更好? I feel it a great honor to be invited to speak at the meeting before so many students. 我覺(jué)得被邀請(qǐng)?jiān)跁?huì)上面對(duì)這么多學(xué)生發(fā)言是一件很光榮的事情。 4) 不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ): ① 不定式可以和名詞 或代詞一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),這時(shí)不定式被稱為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如: I would like you to help me with my English exercises. 我想請(qǐng)你幫我做英語(yǔ)練習(xí)。 I never expected the shoes to be worn out so soon. 我從來(lái)沒(méi)想到鞋子這么快就穿破了。 注意:動(dòng)詞 help 后面接不定式作賓語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以帶 to 也可以不帶 to。如: Who can help me (to) carry this heavy box? 誰(shuí)能幫我拎這個(gè)重箱子? ② 在 make, let, have 等使役動(dòng)詞和 see, watch, notice, hear, feel 等感官動(dòng)詞后的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中,動(dòng)詞不定式不帶 to。 I often hear her sing in the next room. 我經(jīng)常聽到她在隔壁唱歌。 They make the baby go to bed at 7:00 . every day. 他們每天 讓孩子晚上 7: 00 上床睡覺(jué)。 注意: get, leave 等詞也有 ―讓 ‖―叫 ‖的意思,和使役動(dòng)詞意思相近,但它們后面的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)必須要有 to。如: I’ll get him to try it again. 我將讓他再試一次。 How could you leave him to have supper with a stranger? 你怎么讓他跟一個(gè)陌生人一起吃晚飯? 注意:當(dāng)使 役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),不定式就成了主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的不定式必須加 to。如: Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister. 盡管他經(jīng)常弄哭他的小妹妹,但今天他卻被他的小妹妹弄哭了。 He is often heard to sing the song. 經(jīng)常有人聽到他唱這首歌。 ③ think, consider, believe, declare, suppose, find, imagine, know, understand, take, prove, feel 等動(dòng)詞后面接的不定式短語(yǔ)作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)多由 to be+形容詞或名詞構(gòu)成, think, consider, find 后的 to be ??墒÷?。如: When he woke up, she found herself (to be ) badly injured. 她醒來(lái)的時(shí)候,發(fā)現(xiàn)自己受了重傷。 I thought her (to be) nice and honest the first time I met her. 我第一次見到她的時(shí)候就認(rèn)為她人很好,很誠(chéng)實(shí)。 含有此類復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),不定式同樣被稱之為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如: The young man was considered to have great promise. 這個(gè)年輕人被認(rèn)為大有前途。 The situation was found to be quite encourag
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