【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 e professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has e. 你正在等的教授已經(jīng)來了。 The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老師經(jīng)常表揚的那個女孩是我們的班長。 注意：關(guān)系代詞 whom 在口語或非正式文體中?？捎?who 來代替，也可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. 3． Which 指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時?？墒÷?。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多數(shù)男孩所喜歡的運動。 The factory which makes puters is far away from here. 制造計算機的那家公司離這兒很遠。 He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜歡外國作家寫的書。 The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖邊的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。 This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 這是他昨天買的鋼筆。 The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他們昨晚看的電影一點意思也沒有。 4． That 指人時，相當于 who 或 whom；指物時，相當于 which.。在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時常可省略。 The number of people that / who e to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年來參觀這座城市的人數(shù)達一百萬。 Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那個人在哪兒？ The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind. 你介紹給我的那個人很友好。 The season that / which es after spring is summer. 春天以后的季節(jié)是夏季。 Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia. 昨天我收到了一封來自澳大利亞的信。 5． Whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我拜訪了一個全國知名的科學(xué)家。 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一個爸爸當醫(yī)生的朋友。 I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾經(jīng)住在那幢屋頂已經(jīng)倒塌了的房子里。 注意：指物時，常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)來代替： The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? （三） ―介詞 +關(guān)系代詞 ‖引導(dǎo)的定語從句 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，從句常常由 ―介詞 +關(guān)系代詞 ‖引出。 The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous. The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾經(jīng)就讀過的學(xué)校很出名。 Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for. Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you 雜志帶來。 This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday. This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday. 這是我昨天跟他打臺 球的男孩。 We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about. We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often 去聽那位我們經(jīng)常談?wù)摰闹璩已莩? The manager whose pany I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions. The manager in whose pany I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions. 我工作的那家公司的經(jīng)理十分注意改善我們的工作條件。 注意：１． 含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語動詞的后面。如： look for, look after, take care of 等。 This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. (正 ) 這是我正在找的手表。 This is the watch for which I am looking . (誤 ) The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. (正 ) 那個保姆照看的小寶寶們都很健康。 The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. （誤） ２．若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前 ，關(guān)系代詞指人時只可用 whom，不可用 who, that；關(guān)系代詞指物時只可用 which，不可用 that。關(guān)系代詞是所有格時用 whose。 The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正 ) 你剛才跟他談話的那個人是我的鄰居。 The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. (誤 ) The plane in which we flew to Canada was really fortable. (正 )我們?nèi)ゼ幽么笏俗娘w機實在很舒服。 The plane in that we flew to Canada was really fortable. (誤 ) ３． ―介詞 +關(guān)系代詞 ‖前還可有 some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few 等代詞或者數(shù)詞。如： He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 他深深地愛著他的父母，他們倆待他都很好。 In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. 籃子里有好些蘋果，有些已經(jīng)壞了。 There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 我們班總共有４０個學(xué)生，大多數(shù)來自大城市。 Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life. 迄今為止，他寫了１０部小說，其中３部是關(guān)于農(nóng)村生活的。 （四）關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 1． when 指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然記得我第一次來到這所學(xué)校的那一天。 The time when we got together finally arrived. 我們團聚的時刻終于到了。 October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. 1949 年 10 月 1 日是中華人民共和國成立的日子。 Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents. 你還記得在農(nóng)村和你祖父母一起生 活的那些年嗎？ 2． where 指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。 Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。 The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 我十年前住的房子已經(jīng)被拆掉了。 I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised . 我參觀了那個飼養(yǎng)了許多奶牛的農(nóng)場。 Is this the place where they fought the enemy? 這是他們當初打敵人的地方嗎？ 3． why 指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 請告訴我你誤機的原因。 The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 他受懲罰的原因我們都不知道。 I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 我不知道 他今天為什么看上去不愉快。 注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句經(jīng)常可以用 ―介詞 +關(guān)系代詞 ‖引導(dǎo)的定語從句來表示。如： From the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up. 自從他在農(nóng)村讀小學(xué)時，他就已經(jīng)知道長大后要做什么。 Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live. 他們生活的城市正發(fā)生巨大的變化。 The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear. 他為什么拒絕接受邀請的原因是十分明了的。 （五）限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句 限制性定語從句 非限制性定語從句 形式上 不用逗號 ―， ‖與主句隔開。 用逗號 ―， ‖與主句隔開。 意義上 是先行詞不可缺少的定語，如 刪除，主句則失去意義或意思表達不完整。 只是對先行詞的補充說明，如刪除，主句仍能表達完整的意思。 譯法上 譯成先行詞的定語： ―．．．的 ‖ 通常譯成主句的并列句。 關(guān)系詞的使用上 A．作賓語時可省略 A．不可省略 B．可用 that B．不用 that C．可用 who 代替 whom C．不可用 who 代替 whom 限制性定語從句舉例： The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. 老師告訴我說湯姆是我唯一的可以依 靠的人。 China is a country which has a long history. 中國是一個歷史悠久的國家。 In the street I saw a man who was from Africa. 在街上我看到一個來自非洲的人。 非限制性定語從句舉例 ： His mother, who