【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 , we had to walk we were being andB busy, they had no time to they were they were the above時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) the students39。 homework, the teacher found a lot of he was correcting he corrected the above your teachers, you are supposed to be you are praised praised the above條件狀語(yǔ) more time, he is sure to finish his test he is given given the above another chance, I39。ll do my job I have having the above伴隨狀語(yǔ) came back, _______ a bag of money on his left was carrying he was carrying the above came back, _______ by a he was followed was followed the above二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和with + 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)部的分詞或介詞短語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是整句的主語(yǔ)，即主句主語(yǔ)與分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)不一致。如： , we’ll go fishing in the weather permitted permitting , he finished playing the game of eyes closing his eyes closed his eyes his eyes , I couldn’t get the book I closed library library closing三、使用分詞短語(yǔ)、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、with + 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)分別在句子中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)要注意：它們與主句之間不應(yīng)有從屬連詞（如when, if, as soon as, as, while等）或并列連詞（如and, but, or, so等）。例如： the teacher told the class to go through the text the answers the answers and checking the answers and the above rainy day, so all the farmers had to stay being was the above little sick, he remained at the felt felling the above四、在使用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、with +復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)、分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作句子的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一定要看句子主語(yǔ)同這些結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯關(guān)系。當(dāng)句子主語(yǔ)與該狀語(yǔ)內(nèi)部動(dòng)詞之間有邏輯上的主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，該狀語(yǔ)可用分詞結(jié)構(gòu)或從句表示。 in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of he was lost lost and B the bus at the stop, he suddenly caught sight of a he was waiting he was waiting the above若句子主語(yǔ)與狀語(yǔ)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞之間不存在邏輯上的主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系且狀語(yǔ)內(nèi)有自已的邏輯主語(yǔ)。則該狀語(yǔ)不能用分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，只能用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、with +復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)或從句。如： soldier fell asleep the candle burning the candle he was burning the candle burning the candle , the Tiananmen Square looks more on being on all the lights on it turns on all the lights the notice, he had an he was watching watching the above the notice, an idea came to his he was watching watching the above三． 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主要包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。為了區(qū)分這三種不同的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法和含義，我們將分別從三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句子中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)以及一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)句型等角度來(lái)區(qū)分其用法和細(xì)微含義。1．不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別(1)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)通常表示抽象動(dòng)作；而不定式作主語(yǔ)表示具體動(dòng)作。Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．這里禁止抽煙。(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽這么多煙對(duì)你身體很不好。(具體)(2)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用以表示一件已知的事或經(jīng)驗(yàn)。不定式短語(yǔ)通常用來(lái)表示一件未完成的事或目的。Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(經(jīng)驗(yàn))Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰時(shí)刻開(kāi)車(chē)令人厭煩。(經(jīng)驗(yàn))(3）不定式做主語(yǔ)，一般用it當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)，把作主語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)后置。It took me only five minutes to finish the ．不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別(1)不定式作表語(yǔ)1)不定式作表語(yǔ)一般表示具體動(dòng)作，特別是表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。To do two things at a time is to do neither．次做兩件事等于未做。What I would suggest is to start work at 。2）如果主語(yǔ)是不定式（表示條件），表語(yǔ)也是不定式（表示結(jié)果）。To see is to 。To work means to earn a living．工作就是為了生活。3)如果主語(yǔ)是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等為中心的名詞，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，不定式作表語(yǔ)是對(duì)主語(yǔ)起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用。His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái)買(mǎi)一輛豪華轎車(chē)。The function of Louis Sullivan39。s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant．(2)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)：動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)，表示抽象的一般性的行為。Our work is serving the people．我們的工作是為人民服務(wù)。His hobby is collecting stamps．他的愛(ài)好是集郵。(注)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中的現(xiàn)在分詞形式相同，但其所屬結(jié)構(gòu)迥異，進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)完成的。動(dòng)名詞做表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或情況。People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected．(3)分詞作表語(yǔ)分詞做表語(yǔ)有兩種情況，一種是現(xiàn)在分詞做表語(yǔ)，一種是過(guò)去分詞做表語(yǔ)，這兩者區(qū)別是考試中經(jīng)常考到的地方。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞如excite，interest等都是及物動(dòng)詞，漢語(yǔ)意思不是“激動(dòng)”，“高興”，而是“使激動(dòng)”、“使高興”，因而現(xiàn)在分詞應(yīng)該是“令人激動(dòng)的”、“令人高興的”，過(guò)去分詞則是“感到激動(dòng)的”和“感到高興的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用ed形式。換句話說(shuō)，若人對(duì)……感興趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有興趣時(shí)，就是說(shuō)sb./ ：interesting使人感到高興interested感到高興的 exciting令人激動(dòng)的excited感到激動(dòng)的 delighting令人高興的delighted感到高興的 disappointing令人失望的disappointed感到失望的 encouraging令人鼓舞的encouraged感到鼓舞的 pleasing令人愉快的pleased感到愉快的 puzzling令人費(fèi)解的puzzled感到費(fèi)解的 satisfying令人滿(mǎn)意的satisfied感到滿(mǎn)意的surprising令人驚異的surprised感到驚異的 worrying令人擔(dān)心的worried感到擔(dān)心的Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲勞。The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要學(xué)生學(xué)得太多，他們會(huì)感到糊涂的。The argument is very convincing．他的論點(diǎn)很令人信服。They were very excited at the news．聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息，他們非常激動(dòng)。3．不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別英語(yǔ)中大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞既可跟不定式，也可跟動(dòng)名詞作直接賓語(yǔ)，但有些動(dòng)詞要求：(1)不定式做賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 1)下面的動(dòng)詞要求不定式做賓語(yǔ)attempt企圖 enable能夠 neglect忽視 afford負(fù)擔(dān)得起 demand要求 long渴望 arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 begin開(kāi)始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏appear似乎，顯得 determine決定 manage設(shè)法 cease停止 hate憎恨，厭惡 pretend假裝 ask問(wèn) dread害怕 need需要agree同意 desire愿望 love愛(ài) swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 beg請(qǐng)求 fail不能 plan計(jì)劃bother擾亂；煩惱 forget忘記 prefer喜歡，寧愿 care關(guān)心，喜歡 happen碰巧 prepare準(zhǔn)備 decide決定 learn學(xué)習(xí)regret抱歉，遺憾 choose選擇 hesitate猶豫 profess表明 claim要求 hope希望 promise承諾，允許 start開(kāi)始 undertake承接 want想要 consent同意，贊同 intend想要 refuse拒絕 decide決定 learn學(xué)習(xí)vow起contrive設(shè)法，圖謀 incline有…傾向 propose提議 seek找，尋覓 try試圖2)下面的動(dòng)詞要求不定式做賓補(bǔ)：動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞不定式 ask要求，邀請(qǐng) get請(qǐng)，得到 prompt促使 allow允許 forbid禁止 prefer喜歡，寧愿 announce宣布 force強(qiáng)迫 press迫使 bride 收買(mǎi) inspire鼓舞 request請(qǐng)求assist協(xié)助 hate憎惡 pronounce斷定，表示 advise勸告 exhort告誡，勉勵(lì) pray請(qǐng)求authorize授權(quán)，委托 help幫助 remend勸告，推薦 bear容忍 implore懇求 remind提醒 beg請(qǐng)求 induce引誘 report報(bào)告pel強(qiáng)迫 invite吸引，邀請(qǐng)，summon傳喚 mand命令 intend想要，企圖 show 顯示 drive驅(qū)趕 mean意欲，打算 train訓(xùn)練 cause引起 instruct指示 require要求 deserve應(yīng)受 leave使，讓 tell告訴 direct指導(dǎo) like喜歡 tempt勸誘 entitle有資格 order命令 warn告誡 enable使能夠 need需要 urge激勵(lì)，力說(shuō) encourage鼓勵(lì) oblige不得不 want想要 condemn指責(zé)，譴責(zé) lead引起，使得 teach教 entreat懇求 permit允許 wish希望(2)有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)acknowledge承認(rèn)，自認(rèn) cease 停止 mention說(shuō)到，講到 admit 承認(rèn) tolerate忍受 dislike不喜歡，討厭advocate：提倡，主張 plete完成 dread可怕 appreciate 感激，欣賞 confess坦白 endure忍受 avoid避免 contemplate細(xì)想 enjoy享有，喜愛(ài) bear忍受 defer拖延 envy嫉妒can39。t help不禁 delay延遲 escape逃跑，逃避 can39。t stand受不了 deny否認(rèn) excuse借口 consider 考慮 detest嫌惡 fancy幻想，愛(ài)好 favor 造成，偏愛(ài) mind 介意 repent悔悟 figure描繪，計(jì)算 miss錯(cuò)過(guò) resent怨恨finish完成，結(jié)束不得 pardon原諒，饒恕 resist抵抗，阻止 forgive原諒 permit 允許 resume恢復(fù) imagine設(shè)想 postpone延遲，延期 risk冒險(xiǎn)involve卷入，包含 practi