【文章內容簡介】 A man must not be shameless； being shameless is a shame in itself. (c)家事、國事、天下事 、 事事 關心。 We must not only concern ourselves with personal affairs but the affairs of the state and the world． 63 ? 英語主語決定謂動形態(tài)， S+V →SV 提挈機制 ? 主語例 ? 1） SV是必有核心、基本框架； ? 2） SV是句子結構起點； ? 3） S與 V間有嚴謹?shù)男问竭B接規(guī)范， V又有各種變化形式，形成 SV提挈機制下的 SV派生句型。 ? 漢語： 意念主軸 （ 5）漢英主語的語法功能比較 64 The true joy of joys is the joy that joys in the joy of others. 與人同樂才是真樂 65 ? ： ? 英語形式程式的核心 ? 必須以動詞為基礎和核心 ? 必須主謂一致 （二）漢英謂語差異 66 （ 1）語法原則 (Grammatical Principle) ? (a) Trousers often bag at the knees． ? 褲子常在膝蓋處松垂得像個袋子。 ? (b) They each have got one． ? 他們每人都得到了一件 (個 )。 67 （ 2）邏輯原則 (Logical Principle) ? (c) Half the boys are here． ? 半數(shù)男孩子都來了。 ? (d) Half the car has been damaged． ? 汽車給毀了一半。 68 （ 3）靠近原則 (Principle of Proximity) ? (e) Not only the students but the teacher objects to the plan． ? (f) Either my children or I am going． 69 （ 4）慣用法原則 (Principle of Idiomatiess) ? (g) There is more than option in this case． ? (h) Five times eight is forty． ? (i) Only one out of five were present． 70 、自足性較強， 形式機制弱 漢語 英語 主謂句： 1）你沒變，可他變了。 2）我喜歡，但他不喜歡。 3）明天去嗎？ 必須由 SV提挈： 1） You have not changed, but he has. 2) I like it but he doesn’t. 3) Will you go tomorrow? 71 漢語 英語 非主謂句： 1）太美了！ 2）完了嗎？ 3）有好的，也有不好的。 4）把我嚇壞了。 必須由 SV提挈： 1)How beautiful it is! 2) Have you finished with it? 3) There are good ones and bad ones. 4) I was scared. 72 (a)誠 招 天下客。 Honesty wins over wider patronage． (b)這種行為很 不道德 。 This conduct is immoral． (c)你們廠里情況 怎么樣 ? What do you think of your factory? (d)七月二十二日 她生日 。 July 22 is her birthday． (e)老秤一斤 十六兩 。 Sixteen “l(fā)iang” makes one “jin” by the old system of weights. 73 (f)那神探足智多謀。 The marvelously infallible detective is so very resourceful． (g)這個問題工會要解決。 The problem remains to be solved by the labor union． (h)河畔草青青。 The grass is green by the riverside． (i)你把我嚇壞了。 You scared me our of my senses。 (j)他有氣無力地說著。 He said listlessly． 74 漢語謂語構成成分復雜多樣 75 ? （ 1）連動式謂語 SV1(X) V2(X) ? A．并列式： V1(X)+V2(X) ? (a)會客赴宴： V1(O)+V2(O) ? receive visitors and attend dinner parties ? (b)脫了鞋進屋： V1(O)+V2(O) ? take off shoes and enter the room ? (c)敲鑼打鼓： V1(O)+V2(O) ? beat drums and strike gongs 76 B．從屬式： V1(X)→V2(X) ? (1)條件關系 ? 干完就走 ? go as soon as (until) the job is done ? 能干多少就干多少 ? do as much as possible 77 (2)對象關系 替誰干活 do the job for whom 找你算賬 get even with you 78 (3)方式關系 屈膝求饒： go down on one’s knees to beg for mercy 站著講課： stand giving a lecture 用拍子打蒼蠅： kill a fly with a swatter 79 (4)時間、處所關系 到上海就失蹤了： disappear upon one’s arrival in Shanghai 等天亮再走： leave after daybreak 立地成佛： achieve salvation as soon as one gives up domineering 80 (5)目的關系 烤火取暖： warm oneself by the fire 臨渴掘井： dig a well when one is thirsty 開門捉賊： throw the door open for the thief 打點水洗洗腳： fetch some water to wash one’s feet 打開窗戶換換空氣： open the window to let in some fresh air 81 C．鏈式： S+V1(X) V2(X) V3(X)…… (a)請假坐飛機回家探親： ask for leave to go home by air to see one’s relatives (b)持槍劫車殺人越貨： hijack a truck and loot the goods by killing the driver with a gun (c)打電話約個時間見面敘談： fix an appointment over the phone to meet for a chat 82 （ 2）兼語式謂語 83 ? (a)我們派 他 做代表。 ? We delegated him to be representative. ? (b)他請 你 幫忙。 ? He asked you to help． ? (c)老師叫 你 去。 ? The teacher wanted you to go． ? (d)多謝 姐姐 提醒 (我 )。 ? Thank you for you reminder， dear sister. 84 ? (e)告訴他我不知道這件事。 ? Tell him I don’t know this matter． ? (f)我找一張報紙看看。 ? I want to read a newspaper. ? (g)我記得他來過這里。 ? I remembered that he had e here． ? (b)買了張桌子 (有 )三條腿。 ? I have bought a table which has three legs. ? (0r: I have bought a threelegged table.) 85 (3)緊縮式謂語 ? (a)吃點藥祛寒退熱 ? take some medicine to shake off cold and fever ? (b)愛去不去。 ? I don’t mind whether you go or not. 86 (c)你許下的諾言 非 信守 不 可。 It’s a promise you made． You ought to keep it． (d)對這種人 以 文明有禮 為 好。 To this kind of people， try to be civil and polite． 87 ? 英語補語基本結構式： S(V)C及 OC。 ? (a) SC： SVC中的組成部分： ? He’s getting angry． ? (b) OC：是 SVOC中的組成部分： ? He got his shoes and socks wet. 漢英補語對比 88 第一類：各式主語補語 ? (a) He is, of course, a good teacher. ? (b) Your point sounds reasonable，anyhow． ? (c) Trees turned green again． ? (d) You are regarded by ev