【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 5 如： I admire their winning the match. I admire that they won the match. 6. 不可用 that從句作直接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞 有些動(dòng)詞不可用于 ―動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋ that從句 ―結(jié)構(gòu)中，常見(jiàn)的有 envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, five, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如： He impressed the manager as an honest man. He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. 7. 否定的轉(zhuǎn)移：主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為 think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine 等，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語(yǔ)上，從句謂語(yǔ)用肯定式。例如： I don’ t think this dress fits you well. 我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。 三 . 表語(yǔ)從句 表語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作表語(yǔ)的名詞性從句，放在系動(dòng)詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是 ―主語(yǔ)＋連系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)從句 ‖?？梢越颖碚Z(yǔ)從句的連系動(dòng)詞有 be, look, remain, seem等。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的 that?？墒÷浴Ａ硗?，常用的還有 the reason is that? 和 It is because 等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： 1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time. 2) This is why we can’ t get the support of the people. 3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes. 4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus. 四 . 同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語(yǔ)的名 詞性從句。 1. 同位語(yǔ)從句的功能 同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)于名詞進(jìn)一步解釋?zhuān)f(shuō)明名詞的具體 6 the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. 注意：由 what 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)或 what 從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you. 由連接詞 and或 both … and 連接起來(lái)的合成主語(yǔ)后面，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如： Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 注意： ① 若 and 所連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人或 物時(shí)，它后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。如： The writer and artist has e.。 / ② 由 and連接的并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)前如果分別有 no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修飾時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如： Every student and every teacher was in the room.. / No boy and no girl likes it. 主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)名詞或代詞，盡管后面跟有 with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式；若主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has e to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall. either, neither, each, every 或 no +單數(shù)名詞和由 some, any, no, every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。如： Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter. 注意： ① 在口語(yǔ)中當(dāng) either或 neither后跟有 ―of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞（或代詞） ‖作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如： Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. ② 若 none of后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就要用單數(shù)；若它后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)都可以。如： None of us has (have) been to America. 在定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞 that, who, which等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如： He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 如果集體名詞指的是整個(gè)集體，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果它指集體的成員，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這些詞有 family, class, crowd, mittee, population, audience等。如： Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor. 注意： people, police, cattle等名詞一般都用作復(fù)數(shù)。如： The police are looking for the lost 由 ―a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名詞 ‖構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由 ―分 child. 數(shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù) +名詞 ‖構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語(yǔ)中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。如： There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls. 注意： a number of―許多 ‖，作定語(yǔ)修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)； the number of―…的 在倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。如： There es the bus./ On the wall 數(shù)量 ‖，主語(yǔ)是 number，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts. 7 （二）邏輯意義一致原 則：邏輯意義一致就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)必須和主語(yǔ)的意義一致 what, who, which, any, more, all等代詞可以是單數(shù)，也可是復(fù)數(shù)，主要靠意思來(lái)決定。 表示 ―時(shí)間、重量、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值 ‖等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù) 若英語(yǔ)是書(shū)名、片名、格言、劇名、報(bào)名、國(guó)名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用 表數(shù)量的短語(yǔ) ―one and a half‖后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式 算式中表示數(shù)目（字）的主語(yǔ)通常作單數(shù)看待，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用單數(shù)形式。如： Twelve 一些學(xué)科 名詞是以 –ics 結(jié)尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及 news, works（因有時(shí)主語(yǔ)形式為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)；有時(shí)形式為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義為單數(shù)）。 如： Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing. 形式， 這是由于作主語(yǔ)的名詞在概念上是一個(gè)整體，如： Thirty minutes is enough for the work. 單數(shù) 形式。如： ―The Arabian Nights‖is an interesting storybook. （也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如： One and a half apples is (are) left on the table. plus eight is twenty. / Fiftysix divided by eight is seven. 等，都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，實(shí)際意義為單數(shù)名詞，它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如： The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isn’ t easy to study. trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果這些名詞前有 a (the) pair of等量詞修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如： My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his. ―定冠詞 the + 形容詞或分詞 ‖，表示某一類(lèi)人時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 （三）就近一致原則：在英語(yǔ)句子中，有時(shí)謂 語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)與最近的主語(yǔ)保持 當(dāng)兩個(gè)