外文翻譯--小額信貸與不平等-資料下載頁
2025-05-12 07:08本頁面
【導(dǎo)讀】富人與窮人之間的收入差距在發(fā)展中國家，如拉丁美洲和非洲，顯得尤為重要，它會(huì)造成各自社會(huì)的嚴(yán)重問題。在貧窮國家高收入不平等導(dǎo)致犯罪和政治不穩(wěn)定，阻。礙經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和扶持貧困的進(jìn)程。由于不成熟的金融法規(guī)和司法行政不佳，道德風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和逆向選擇在發(fā)。此外，貧窮國家在外部沖擊面前是脆弱的，因?yàn)樗鼈円蕾囉?。農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化，但其面臨較高的外部風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。因此，隨著市場排除了無需抵押的窮人，使。為了緩解不平等和發(fā)展金融業(yè)，就必須處理這樣的市場失靈。統(tǒng)一的結(jié)論，并一直存在爭議。多元化投資和信息的生產(chǎn)金融中介機(jī)構(gòu)，刺激經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，從而降低了不平等。小額信貸，直接減輕了對窮人的信貸約束，并有。務(wù)，他們對貸款承擔(dān)連帶責(zé)任。小額信貸機(jī)構(gòu)，讓他們自己進(jìn)行篩查和監(jiān)測，從而將成本轉(zhuǎn)移給借款人。小額信貸也有一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)的激勵(lì)，利用這些有效的機(jī)制，小額信貸提供貸款給最初因?yàn)闆]有信譽(yù)而被排。小額信貸減輕了信用約束，它在發(fā)展中國家的金融市
【正文】 financial service for the poor and is largely applied in developing countries as lowrate finance with its unique technique known as group lending. Group lending is a financial service that offers loans to groups of borrowers who are jointly liable for the loans. Microfinance institutions (MFIs) transfer the opportunity cost to borrowers by allowing them to carry out screening and monitoring. Group members screen each other’s repayment ability, which eases adverse selection. They also monitor each other, which mitigates moral hazard. Accordingly, lenders do not need to cover the high opportunity cost, which is normally required for providing loans to the poor, and they can also achieve a low default rate. Microfinance also has a dynamic incentive, which is a useful tool that allows their clients to pay back loans, since future loan access is available only if borrowers pay back their original loans. Using these effective mechanisms, microfinance offers loans to the poor who were initially excluded from the formal financial market because they were not creditworthy. Microfinance eases credit constraints and now plays a significant role in the financial market in developing countries. Microfinance 7
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