【導(dǎo)讀】旨在考察我們對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)的認(rèn)知。思想和文章并無二致，但是載體千變?nèi)f化。細(xì)站在作者的角度體會(huì)作者的寫作心理和寫作用意。從文中可以讀出作者邏輯上希望展示的是這個(gè)“逐步”的過程。解釋和批判統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家統(tǒng)計(jì)的方法。比較歷史的一個(gè)情形和現(xiàn)在的一個(gè)情形。文中講述的都是19世紀(jì)的職業(yè)信息情況，沒有。和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來。文章第一句就提到了，什么什么是為了應(yīng)對(duì)或?；貞?yīng)“socialchange”這必然是一個(gè)歷史性的“change”。思即是要展示和描述這個(gè)逐步完善的職業(yè)信息的過程。此作者不帶有明顯的個(gè)人意見，而。討論歷史上對(duì)一個(gè)已有制度異議。追溯一個(gè)爭(zhēng)論的起源。文章中并沒有什么爭(zhēng)論，而是一項(xiàng)信息的逐步完善的過程。

　　

【正文】 can best be described as the question of whether or not to pressure management to create more skilled and highpaying positions fight for greater union participation in management decisions include minority workers in their membership extend full rights and benefits to all their members emphasize the recruitment of new members over serving the needs of current members 題目釋義： 細(xì)節(jié)題目 考點(diǎn)： 支持主題（ Supporting ideas） 旨在考察我們對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)的認(rèn)知。 這個(gè)題目應(yīng)該定位在“ unions39。 dilemma”那句話之前的語句中。最重要的是讀者們要知道工會(huì)面臨的是一個(gè)怎么樣的窘境，或?yàn)槭裁催@是一個(gè)窘境。 選項(xiàng)分析： 壓力管理 以創(chuàng)造更多的更高技術(shù)和高薪的職位。這句話的依據(jù)在“ promoting a more inclusive approach that sought for all members the right to participate in the internal affairs of unions, access to skilled and highpaying positions within the occupational hierarchy” 這個(gè)選項(xiàng)屬于過于片面，這個(gè)窘境是維持原狀還是 一視同仁，不只是更好的工作的問題。 爭(zhēng)取讓工會(huì)加入更多的管理決策 中 。原文中沒有提到加入管理決策的問題。屬于無中生有。 讓少數(shù) 民族 的工人加入會(huì)員。 在文章中沒有提到讓什么樣子的工人加入工會(huì)的問題。 Correct。將全部的權(quán)力和好處擴(kuò)展給所有的會(huì)員。這個(gè) 是對(duì)第二段第一句后半句的總結(jié)。 注重新會(huì)員的招聘而不是老會(huì)員的需求。這個(gè)原文中也根本沒有提及。屬于無中生有。 Question 12: According to the passage, the historians mentioned in the first highlighted portion of text and the scholars mentioned in the second highlighted portion disagree about the contribution made by anized labor to the war effort during the Second World War issues that union members considered most important during the Second World War relationship between unions and African Americans during the Second World War effect of the Second World War on the influence of unions in the workplace extent to which African Americans benefited from social and political changes following the Second World War 題目釋義： 細(xì)節(jié)題目 考點(diǎn)： 支持主題（ Supporting ideas） 旨在考察我們對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)的認(rèn)知 這個(gè)題目如果沒仔細(xì)看懂文章的話還是有些難度的，相信大家在“七經(jīng)八脈”中已經(jīng)看懂文章的意思了，這里不做贅述了。 選項(xiàng)分析： 工會(huì)對(duì)于二戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的貢獻(xiàn)。 在文中作者并沒有討論 工會(huì)的貢獻(xiàn)，文中也沒有涉及。這個(gè)選型較易排除。 工會(huì)成員認(rèn)為二戰(zhàn)時(shí)最重要的那些事情。 這個(gè)也較易排除，文中沒有涉及工會(huì)成員認(rèn)為重要的事，而是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的敘述。 Correct。二戰(zhàn)時(shí)期美國黑人和工會(huì)的關(guān)系。 在“文章分析”中已經(jīng)提及了這個(gè)答 案。此處我就不贅述了哈 ~ 二戰(zhàn)對(duì)工會(huì)工作場(chǎng)所的影響。 這個(gè)選項(xiàng)有一定迷惑性。因?yàn)槲恼碌谝欢蝺煞N歷史學(xué)家的矛盾點(diǎn)可以解釋為在 二戰(zhàn) 的影響上（一個(gè)認(rèn)為有影響，另一個(gè)認(rèn)為沒有影響）。但 是“ workplace”在文中并沒有提到，也就是說這個(gè)影響不是在工會(huì)的工作場(chǎng)所這個(gè)問題上的。 黑人在二戰(zhàn)中獲得的社會(huì)和法律的利益的程度。 這個(gè)選項(xiàng) 較易排除， 不過要注意，這個(gè)很容易用我們的常識(shí)來推出來。大家讀了那么多 Gmat 的文章，涉及到黑人權(quán)益的很多，所以把這個(gè)很容易當(dāng)成背景知識(shí)或者是常識(shí)。 要小心不要引入外部知識(shí) 。 Question 13: The passage is primarily concerned with providing a context within which to evaluate opposing viewpoints about a historical phenomenon identifying a flawed assumption underlying one interpretation of a historical phenomenon assessing the merits and weaknesses of a controversial theory about a historical phenomenon discussing the historical importance of the development of a wartime alliance evaluating evidence used to support a particular interpretation of a historical phenomenon 題目釋義： 主旨題目 考點(diǎn)： 主旨（ Main idea） 旨在考察我們對(duì)文章整體的把握程度 ，對(duì)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)的分析能力和把控能力，以及對(duì)作者邏輯的判斷。 作 者邏輯上是想介紹兩個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。然后說明這個(gè)兩個(gè)觀點(diǎn)都不對(duì)。即工會(huì) 面臨一個(gè)窘境。 選項(xiàng)分析： Correct. 一篇評(píng)估一個(gè)歷史事件的兩個(gè)相反觀點(diǎn)的文章。這個(gè)翻譯過來就和考點(diǎn)上說的差不多啦 ~ 確定一個(gè)對(duì)歷史事件的解釋的一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的假設(shè)。這個(gè)選項(xiàng)沒有任何依據(jù)在文中。 評(píng)價(jià)一個(gè)有爭(zhēng)議的理論的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)。作者實(shí)際上是提出兩個(gè)理論，說了這兩個(gè)理論都有問題，沒有提及優(yōu)點(diǎn) ，也不是要說明這些理論的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。 討論在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間 的聯(lián)盟發(fā)展的歷史性 重要意義。作者一開頭提到了聯(lián)盟，但是以后就沒再說過，這個(gè)聯(lián)盟是其中一種觀點(diǎn)所提供的背景，與主旨大意不同。 評(píng)估對(duì)歷史現(xiàn)象的一個(gè)特殊解釋的證據(jù)。文章中并沒有提及什么證據(jù)，就更不用說評(píng)估了。 補(bǔ)充提示： 工會(huì)的意思： 工會(huì)，或稱勞工總會(huì)、工人聯(lián)合會(huì)。工會(huì)原意是指基于共同利益而自發(fā)組織的社會(huì)團(tuán)體。這個(gè)共同利益團(tuán)體諸如為同一雇主工作的員工，在某一產(chǎn)業(yè)領(lǐng)域的個(gè)人。工會(huì)組織成立的主要意圖，可以與雇主談判工資薪水、工作時(shí)限和工作條件等等。 Essay 5 Historians have identified two dominant currents in the Russian women39。s movement of the late tsarist period. Bourgeois feminism, so called by its more radical opponents, emphasized individualist feminist goals such as access to education, career opportunities, and legal equality. Socialist feminists, by contrast, emphasized class, rather than gender, as the principal source of women39。s inequality and oppression, and socialist revolution, not legal reform, as the only road to emancipation and equality. However, despite antagonism between bourgeois feminists and socialist feminists, the two movements shared certain underlying beliefs. Both regarded paid labor as the principal means by which women might attain emancipation: participation in the workplace and economic selfsufficiency, they believed, would make women socially useful and therefore deserving of equality with men. Both groups also recognized the enormous difficulties women faced when they bined paid labor with motherhood. In fact, at the First AllRussian Women39。s Congress in 1908, most participants advocated maternity insurance and paid maternity leave, although the intense hostility between some socialists and bourgeois feminists at the Congress made it difficult for them to recognize these areas of agreement. Finally, socialist feminists and most bourgeois feminists concurred in subordinating women39。s emancipation to what they considered the more important goal of liberating the entire Russian population from political oppression, economic backwardness, and social injustice. 文章的七經(jīng)八脈： 兩種女權(quán)主義者 雖然觀點(diǎn)不同，但是有三處相同的地方 細(xì)化三處相同點(diǎn) 這篇文章脈絡(luò)清晰，作者的意圖也比較明顯，就是確定兩種觀點(diǎn)的相同點(diǎn)。 Question 14: The passage suggests that socialists within the Russian women39。s movement and most bourgeois feminists believed that in Russia women would not achieve economic equality until they had political representation within the government the achievement of larger political aims should take precedence over the achievement of women39。s rights the emancipation of women would ultimately bring about the liberation of the entire Russian population from political oppression women39。s oppression was more rooted in economic inequality than was the case in other countries the women39。s movement was more ideologically divided than were women39。s movements in other countries 題目釋義： 細(xì)節(jié)題目 考點(diǎn)： 推斷（ Inference） 旨在考察我們對(duì)文章的深度理解，以及邏輯推斷能力。 這個(gè)題目需要定位在整個(gè)文章的第二段。作者在第二段一整段都是在說兩種女權(quán)主義者的所共同同意的地方。 選項(xiàng)分析： 直到女人們 在政府中有了政治代表她們 才能或得經(jīng)濟(jì)平等。 這個(gè)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容在文章中沒有出現(xiàn)過，即文中沒有提到過政治代表的事情。 在“ Bourgeois”的觀點(diǎn)中提到過“ Leg