【導(dǎo)讀】.從產(chǎn)品飽受競(jìng)爭(zhēng)威脅的觀點(diǎn)?！悍聪蚣夹g(shù)』優(yōu)勢(shì)，※其結(jié)果造成美國(guó)貿(mào)易赤字每月高達(dá)80-. 美國(guó)企業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力衰退的原因。美國(guó)管理文化中含有不信任的氣氛，這。『這種管理監(jiān)督的作風(fēng)，大體受到。日本經(jīng)營(yíng)之神松下幸之助在一次對(duì)美國(guó)。理，應(yīng)是管理者在一邊，工人在另一邊，一邊的人只管思考，另一邊的只管工作。念轉(zhuǎn)移到員工身上的一種藝術(shù)」』。因此美國(guó)開始檢討其品質(zhì)，各種品質(zhì)系。統(tǒng)亦相繼提出，其中包含6?在70年代，產(chǎn)品達(dá)到2?※每年有20,000次配錯(cuò)藥事件。※每年有超過15,000個(gè)嬰兒出生時(shí)會(huì)。※每年平均有9小時(shí)沒有水、電、暖?！啃瞧谟?00宗做錯(cuò)手術(shù)事件。合格率已達(dá)到%的水平，但。以有很多公司已要求「6?」的品質(zhì)管理，其合格品率為%。水準(zhǔn)，由1000個(gè)零件組成的產(chǎn)品中，每15個(gè)產(chǎn)品中只有1個(gè)產(chǎn)品是好的。傳統(tǒng)以『百分率』水準(zhǔn)作為設(shè)計(jì)品質(zhì)水。.從時(shí)代趨勢(shì)的觀點(diǎn)。J.M.Juran,1994年在美國(guó)品質(zhì)管理學(xué)會(huì)。欲建立及維持組織競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)，效率、創(chuàng)。新、品質(zhì)及顧客回應(yīng)扮演著主要角色。

　　

【正文】 ? Finding main independent variables, and making the list Y = f (X) ? Object Make list of potential independent variables for changing amp。 improving Y value methods ◎ Brainstorming ◎ Cause amp。 Effect Diagram ◎ Multivoting ◎ Logic Tree ? Cause amp。 Effect Diagram P e r s o n n e lM a c h i n e sM a t e r i a l sM e t h o d sM e a s u r e m e n t sE n v i r o n m e n tC a u s e a n d E f f e c t D i a g r a mVariation in measurement System ? A3 Verify Potential Causes ? Overview ◎ In step A3, setting a possible priority as to their importance to the potential variables (X’s) identified in step A2 ? Purpose ◎ General a list of important factors (vital few) from the potential variables. Y = f [(x1,x2,x3) (x4,x5,… .,xn)] Vital Few Trivial Many ? Pareto Analysis Rot tenBr ui sedUnder si zedOt her s2 3 5 1 0 0 8 7 1 95 3 . 3 2 2 . 7 1 9 . 7 4 . 3 5 3 . 3 7 6 . 0 9 5 . 7 1 0 0 . 005 01 0 01 5 02 0 02 5 03 0 03 5 04 0 04 5 002 04 06 08 01 0 0D e f e c tC o u n tP e r c e n tC u m %PercentCountP a r e t o C h a r t f o r C A T E G O R I E S? Correlation Analysis ◎ A statistical analysis to investigate / measurement of association between two variables (X, Y) is called analysis. ◎ Correlation tells you the trend of Y when X value increase/decrease. ※ Correlation Analysis using Scatter Diagram Analysis. ※ Correlation coefficient indicates closeness of a relationship between X and Y. ? Regression Analysis (1) Y = f (x1, x2, x3,… ) Status and characteristics of a process Modeling Mathematical equation X Y ? Regression Analysis (2) ? Types of Regression Model ◎ Simple linear regression ◎ Multiple linear regression ◎ Nonlinear regression Y = f(X) Y: dependent variable X: independent variable ? Types of Hypothesis Test Types of Data Discrete Data Continuous Data Mean Test ◎ t –Test ◎ ANOVA Variance Test ◎ F –Test ◎ Chi Square . DMAIC Methodology 5 Stages DMAIC Methodology and Statistical Tools ? Phase: Improve ? Steps。 Work Breakdown amp。 Tool ? I1 Identify Vital Few。 ? Screening DOE, Streamlining, Force Field Analysis ? I2 Formulate Optimum Model。 ? Optimizing DOE(RSM), Solution Selection Matrix ? I3 Set Up Operating Window。 ? Operating Window, Responsibility Matrix ? I1 Identify Vital Few ◎ In analysis step, potential X’s were identified with a possible prioritization as to their importance in controlling Y. Improve step provides tools to explore and uncover the vital X’s and how much impact each X has on the response Y. ◎ One of the major tools used for both exploration and confirmation of the effect of X’s on the Y’s is experimental design (DOE). By experimentally manipulating the independent variables, DOE provides an efficient and economical means for reaching valid and relevant conclusions about a process. ? Types of Experimental Design Screening ◎ Full factorial ◎ 2K factorial ◎ Fractional factorial Optimization ◎ Multilevel experiments ◎ Composite design ◎ Response surface method ? I2 Formulate Optimum Model ◎ The vital few important X’s were identified and characterized in I1. The tools in I2 follow a methodology for establishing levels of these X’s that will provide improved performance for the Y. . DMAIC Methodology 5 Stages DMAIC Methodology and Statistical Tools ? Phase: Control ? Steps。 Work Breakdown amp。 Tool ? C1 Identify Control Capability。 ? Gage Ramp。R, Capability Study, Gap Analysis ? C2 Establish Control Plan。 ? Control Plan, Control Chart ? C3 Link to Management System。 ? Control System, Six Sigma Audit ? 4. 結(jié)語 (1) ? 6 ?是一以統(tǒng)計(jì)為基礎(chǔ)之品質(zhì) 系統(tǒng) , 目的在使企業(yè)或組織的產(chǎn)品 /服務(wù)品質(zhì)達(dá)到近於完美的境界 .盡量減少?zèng)Q策過程中的 “ 人為因素 ” (Human Element).成功取決於 一致性(Consistency)Vision, Business Strategy, Specify Project, and any 6 ? Activities. ? 6 ?品質(zhì) 系統(tǒng)猶 “ 舊酒裝新瓶 ” ,但有較強(qiáng)的結(jié)構(gòu)性 .其中 ,更強(qiáng)化 IEamp。M的角色與重要性 ,非 其 他 品質(zhì) 系 統(tǒng) 所 能 比 擬 . ? 4. 結(jié)語 (2) ? 學(xué)習(xí) (Learning) 、 價(jià)值觀 (Value)與 創(chuàng)新(Innovation)為企業(yè)思想的核心 , 其凌駕階級(jí)與傳統(tǒng)之上 . 以 學(xué)習(xí)建立自信 , 有勇氣嘗試 ,有勇氣追求與動(dòng)手做以前認(rèn)為不可能的事 . 一旦達(dá)成自我實(shí)現(xiàn)後 , 學(xué)習(xí)這個(gè)重要觀念就站上價(jià)值觀的中央舞臺(tái)上 .『 持續(xù)學(xué)習(xí) ,並將其轉(zhuǎn)化為行動(dòng)的欲望與能力 』 . ? 4. 結(jié)語 (3) ? 外部觀點(diǎn) (Outsidein Perspective) ,『 由外向內(nèi)看是一個(gè)很重要的想法 ,強(qiáng)迫自己每件事都由外向內(nèi)看 』 .以過程為導(dǎo)向 ,持續(xù)不斷改進(jìn) ,滿足顧客的需求與期望 ,『 顧客把一切看在眼底 .我們無法將任何事隱藏著不讓顧客看到 』 ,『 必須讓每一員工都關(guān)心顧客 』 . ?報(bào) 告 完 畢 ?敬 請(qǐng) 指 教 ?萬 分 謝 謝