【導(dǎo)讀】家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)是一個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)擁有和經(jīng)營的家庭像其他家族企業(yè)和房地產(chǎn)的所有權(quán)，往往會(huì)給下一代的傳承。這是許多人類歷史的主要是農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的基本單元，并繼。續(xù)在發(fā)展中國家。家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)的替代品，包括那些由農(nóng)業(yè)，俗稱“工廠化農(nóng)場(chǎng)，或。務(wù)，并保持性能；可能在高峰時(shí)段和全職雇傭勞動(dòng)力合理使用季節(jié)性勞動(dòng)。在發(fā)達(dá)國家的家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)是感傷的，為的是保存?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)的緣故，一種生活方式，的是在法國，日本，和美國，在農(nóng)村的生活方式經(jīng)常被看作是可取的。在其他經(jīng)濟(jì)事項(xiàng)，它們被視為普遍的反。支持者認(rèn)為，所有國家的家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)需要保護(hù)，為基礎(chǔ)的。產(chǎn)的美國農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量的百分之二十七。售嚴(yán)重限制或禁止，奶制品和雞蛋。在第二十世紀(jì)初，在美國北部一個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)的平均每英畝比現(xiàn)。農(nóng)場(chǎng)的數(shù)量，以及生活在這個(gè)土地的農(nóng)場(chǎng)家庭，下降每十年在美國自。部分，這可能被視為一個(gè)跡象表明，要的，整個(gè)食品行業(yè)重組。此外，給出了失效的家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)的極數(shù)，這

　　

【正文】 r initiative in 1933. The scale of agriculture in North Dakota, however, is not a handson family Family Farm 7 operation of mixed agriculture. The typical dryland wheat farm in North Dakota consists of several thousand acres with equipment on a scale to match. The produce of these farms is assembled on 120car trains and shipped to distant markets as part of the international stream of merce. Farms such as this typically are aggregations of fifteen, twenty or more homesteaded quarter sections of land which at one time contained family farms, as witnessed by the numerous abandoned farmsteads, ghost towns, and abandoned country churches and cemeteries memorializing a much larger rural population that is long since disappeared. The thousands of abandoned or obliterated farmsteads and other evidence of rural depopulation in North Dakota, including many nowvacant and deteriorated homesteads which were thriving family farms into the 1970s, are a counterpoint to romantic notions of family farming in the 21st century. Local food and the anic movement In the last few decades there has been a resurgence of interest in anic and free range foods. A percentage of consumers have begun to question the viability of industrial agriculture practices and have turned to anic groceries that sell products produced on family farms including not only meat and produce but also such things as wheat germ breads and natural lye soaps (as opposed to bleached white breads and petroleum based detergent bars). Others buy these products direct from family farms. The new family farm provides an alternative market in some localities with an array of traditionally and naturally produced products. Such anic and freerange farming is attainable where a significant number of affluent urban and suburban consumers willingly pay a premium for the ideals of locally produced produce and humane treatment of animals. Sometimes, these farms are hobby or parttime ventures, or supported by wealth from other sources. Viable Family Farm 8 farms on a scale sufficient to support modern families at an ine level mensurate with urban and suburban uppermiddleclass families are often large scale operations, both in area and capital requirements. These farms, family owned and operated in a technologically and economically conventional manner, produce crops and animal products oriented to national and international markets, rather than to local markets. In assessing this plex economic situation, it is important to consider all sources of ine available to these farms。 for instance, the millions of dollars in farm subsidies which the United States government offers each year. As fuel prices rise, foods shipped to national and international markets are already rising in price. Reference [1]J. landowner interest in agroforestry practices in two Missouri watersheds[D].Agroforestry Systems, 75 (2021), pp. 73–82 [2]C. Barbieri, E. Mahoney, L. the nature and extent of farm and ranch diversification in North America[J].Rural Sociology, 73 (2021), pp. 205–229 [3]C. Barbieri, E. is diversification an attractive farm adjustment strategy? Insights from Texas farmers and ranchers[J].Journal of Rural Studies, 25 (2021), pp. 58–66 [4]C. Barbieri, P. role of firm and owner characteristics on the performance of agritourism farms[D].Sociologia Ruralis, 48 (2021), pp. 166–183 [5]C. Barbieri, C. multifunctionality and its implications for agroforestry diffusion[D].Agroforestry Systems, 79 (1) (2021), pp. 5–18 [6]D. Bateman, C. pluriactivity and rural policy: some evidence from Wales[D].Journal of Rural Studies, 10 (1994), pp. 1–13 [7]H. Garrett .North American Agroforestry: An Integrated Science and Practice [D].American Society of Agronomy, Madison (2021), pp. 75–104 [8]. validation of affect, behavior, and cognition as distinct ponents of attitude[D].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47 (6) (1984), pp. 1191–1205 [9]L. policy issues and research direction in the and less developed countries: insights and challenges from recent experience[J].Agroforestry Systems, 30 (1995), pp. 57–73 Family Farm 9 [10]T. Dobbs, J. stewardship schemes and multifunctionality[D].Review of Agricultural Economics, 26 (2021), pp. 220–237