外進(jìn)口玩具的安全外文翻譯-其他專業(yè)-資料下載頁
2025-01-19 10:26本頁面
【導(dǎo)讀】人類和動物受進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品感染的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)不應(yīng)該被過分夸大。受污染的二乙二醇感。冒藥導(dǎo)致100多人死亡，幾十人得病，其中多達(dá)21人死亡可能與肝素有關(guān)。據(jù)美國食品與藥品監(jiān)督管理局調(diào)查所知，這個(gè)主要的抗血凝藥物。測試來讓它模擬真正的藥物。據(jù)了解，美國食品及藥品監(jiān)督管理局發(fā)現(xiàn)多達(dá)20%. 的產(chǎn)品的活躍成分是假的。這些問題是由技術(shù)法規(guī)和國際貿(mào)易法的相關(guān)準(zhǔn)則以及人權(quán)法而產(chǎn)生的。技術(shù)法規(guī)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中有關(guān)玩具質(zhì)量和安全的規(guī)定即這。異也有可能造成貿(mào)易障礙。153種法規(guī)，并且還要遵守這些法規(guī)及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而這樣會導(dǎo)致他失去規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)。各國政府有主權(quán)權(quán)利和責(zé)任來保護(hù)他們的公民免受傷害。所扮演的角色有可能影響人權(quán)，促進(jìn)和保護(hù)所有人權(quán)是國家的首要責(zé)任”。取的措施是為了挑戰(zhàn)另外的成員國，則相關(guān)的國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將是有效或合理的。技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘協(xié)議第2條第4款中的規(guī)定。因此，起訴成員不僅要表明有關(guān)國。因此，各地方、州和聯(lián)邦政府的采購規(guī)范是不在該協(xié)議下的。
【正文】 arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination between countries where the same conditions prevail or a disguised restriction on international trade and are otherwise in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.” The TBT Agreement and respect for domestic regulatory autonomy While some provisions of the TBT Agreement appear to constrain domestic regulatory autonomy, other provisions of the Agreement appears to preserve domestic regulatory autonomy. First, the requirement in Article that members use relevant international standards as a basis for their technical regulation is not absolute. The requirement does not apply when relevant international standards ?would be an ineffective or inappropriate means for the fulfilment of the legitimate objectives pursued members?.38 Second, even when a pertinent international standard exists, members need not base their measure entirely on such a standard, but can use ?relevant parts? of such standards. Third, the burden of proof is on a member challenging another member?s measure to prove that the relevant international standards would not be an ineffective or inappropriate means for the fulfillment of the legitimate objectives pursued by the member whose measure is challenged. In ?EC – Sardines?, the WTO Appellate Body held that the plaining state bears the burden of proving the elements of Article as a whole. Thus, the plaining member must not only show that the relevant international standard was not used ?as a basis for? that challenged regulation, but must also show that the relevant international standard is an effective or appropriate means for the fulfillment of the legitimate objectives pursued by the responding Finally, government procurements are exempted from the reach of the TBT Agreement. Article specifically provides that ?purchasing specifications prepared by governmental bodies for production or consumption requirements of governmental bodies are not subject to the provisions of this Agreement?. Thus, purchasing specification by local, state and the federal government are immune from legal challenge under the Agreement. Resource： Uche U. Ofodile. Import (toy) safety, consumer protection and the WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade: prospects, progress and problems. Int. J. Private Law, Vol. 2, No. 2, 202
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