假設檢驗的概念外文翻譯-其他專業(yè)-資料下載頁
2025-01-19 07:29本頁面
【導讀】統(tǒng)計假設是指關于總體參數(shù)的一種假設。驗則指統(tǒng)計員運用正式程序來檢驗該假設并確定其真假度，檢測為真則接受結(jié)果，因此，研究人員經(jīng)常選擇從整體參數(shù)中隨機抽樣檢測的方法。零假設零假設，表示為0H，通常是假設樣本觀測結(jié)果從純粹的機會。的原因決定的觀測值的指標?？梢詾?，硬幣的投擲結(jié)果為，一半為正一半為反。對立假設則可以設定為，出現(xiàn)正。因此得出結(jié)論，由實驗證據(jù)表明，扔硬幣的結(jié)果不會是正反完全。那么原來的零假設應該是：投擲出正面和反面的次數(shù)一致。在樣本數(shù)據(jù)的基礎上，統(tǒng)計員遵照一定程序來檢驗是否能夠拒絕零假設。該步驟包括陳述零假設和對立假設，兩者在表述過程。的可能性被稱為顯著水平。錯誤種類2，當零假設為假時，計算員拒絕零假設失敗。觀察一個檢驗統(tǒng)計量作為極端的假設是正確的，假設零假設是成立的。如果檢驗結(jié)果落在檢驗統(tǒng)計區(qū)域內(nèi)，該。該地區(qū)接受的判斷標準時，使第一類誤差的值等于平均值。
【正文】 of not mitting a Type II error is called 畢業(yè)設計（論文）外文文獻翻譯 6 the power of the test. Decision Rules The analysis plan includes decision rules for rejecting the null hypothesis. In practice, statisticians describe these decision rules in two ways with reference to a Pvalue or with reference to a region of acceptance. Pvalue. The strength of evidence in support of a null hypothesis is measured by the Pvalue. Suppose the test statistic is equal to S. The Pvalue is the probability of observing a test statistic as extreme as S, assuming the null hypothesis is true. If the Pvalue is less than the significance level, we reject the null hypothesis. Region of acceptance. The region of acceprance is a range of values. If the test statistic falls within the region of acceptance, the null hypothesis is not rejected. The region of acceptance is defined so that the chance of making a Type I error is equal to the significance level. The set of values outside the region of acceptance is called the region of rejection . If the test statistic falls within the region of rejection, the null hypothesis is rejected. In such cases, we say that the hypothesis has been rejected at the α level of significance. These approaches are equivalent. Some statistics texts use the Pvalue approach。 others use the region of acceptance approach. In subsequent lessons, this tutorial will present examples that illustrate each approach.
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