【正文】 rch also has implications for treating various diseases in which oxygen is in short supply — including anemia, heart attacks and strokes — as well as for treatment of cancers that are fed by and seek out oxygen.（1）This research has won the Nobel Prize mainly because ____________. A.there was no research of this kind in the pastB.oxygen is the lifeblood of living thingsC.it has uncovered how cells sense and respond to changes in oxygen levelsD.various diseases will be cured with the help of the findings of the research（2）We can learn from the passage that _____________. A.The Nobel Prize was awarded to a physiologist on Monday in Sweden.B.Cancer cells manage to hijack oxygen and need oxygen to develop.C.The more oxygen there is in blood, the healthier a living body will be.D.The genetic mechanisms have been found that allow oxygen to adapt to cells.（3）Which of the following can best explain the underlined word in the text? A.used for textbooksB.powerful and authoritativeC.typical as a perfect exampleD.basic and clear（4）In which part of The New York Times can you find this article? A.EntertainmentB.CultureC.TechnologyD.Science【答案】 （1）C（2）B（3）C（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，介紹了2019年諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)聯(lián)合授予了三位科學(xué)家，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了細(xì)胞如何感知并適應(yīng)氧氣變化的含量。這是一項(xiàng)具有開創(chuàng)性的發(fā)現(xiàn)，為抗擊貧血、癌癥和許多其他疾病的新策略鋪平了道路。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“…for their work on how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability.”以表彰他們在細(xì)胞感知和適應(yīng)氧氣供應(yīng)的適應(yīng)性方面所做的工作?？芍@項(xiàng)研究之所以獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)，主要是因?yàn)樗沂玖思?xì)胞如何感知和響應(yīng)氧氣水平的變化。故選C。 （2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Why is the work important?部分中的“The discoveries reveal the cellular mechanisms that control such things as adaptation to high altitudes and how cancer cells manage to hijack(攫取) oxygen.”這些發(fā)現(xiàn)揭示了細(xì)胞機(jī)制，這些機(jī)制控制著對高海拔環(huán)境的適應(yīng)，以及癌細(xì)胞是如何攫取氧氣的?？芍┘?xì)胞設(shè)法攫取氧氣并需要氧氣來發(fā)育。故選B。 （3）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù) Why is the work important?部分中的“it would be something students would start learning at the most basic levels of biology education”它將是學(xué)生在最基礎(chǔ)的生物教育階段就開始學(xué)習(xí)的東西，可知Randall Johnson稱這項(xiàng)研究是很典型的發(fā)現(xiàn)，是教科書式的發(fā)現(xiàn)。故可知?jiǎng)澗€單詞意思為典型的，故選C。 （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“(The New York Times, ) The 2019 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine was jointly awarded to three scientists — William G. Kaelin Jr., Peter J. Ratcliffe and Gregg L. Semenza — for their work on how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability.”(《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》10月7日報(bào)道)2019年諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)聯(lián)合授予了三位科學(xué)家——William G. Kaelin Jr.、Peter J. Ratcliffe和Gregg L. Semenza，以表彰他們在細(xì)胞感知和適應(yīng)氧氣供應(yīng)方面所做 的工作。）以及文章的主要內(nèi)容圍繞他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)，可知你可以在《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》的科學(xué)版上找到這篇文章。故選D。 【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇新聞報(bào)道，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解 Some things should just be mon knowledge by now. The Earth isn39。t flat. Nope, your hair and nails don39。t grow after you die. The holes at the top of Bic biro pens are there so that, if you swallow one accidentally, you can still breathe and won39。t choke to death. It39。s debatable whether that last one there is mon knowledge or not. A quick Google search of the fact, rewritten as a question, shows articles addressing this point going back several years, with the latest (re)appearing just this week over on ScienceAlert. We suppose it39。s one of those things that e up from time to time, like what would happen if you attack Yellowstone with a nuclear weapon (not much, as it turns out). If you jump over to Bic39。s website, under their FAQs (frequently asked questions), it quite clearly states: The reason that some BIC174。 pens have a hole in their cap is to prevent the cap from pletely obstructing the airway if accidentally breathed in. This is requested by the international safety standards ISO11540, except for in cases where the cap is considered too large to be a choking risk. That39。s rather lovely of them. In appreciation of their want to not kill off their more clumsy customers, we thought we39。d share a few more random facts about Bic that are probably going to e up in a pub quiz one day. Did you know, for example, that each Bic ballpoint pen can produce at least 2 kilometers ( miles) of ink before it begins to run out? In fact, in 2018, 7,250 kilometers (4,505 miles) of writing tests on such pens were carried out on ballpoint pens, gel pens(中性筆), and rollers to make sure they worked to the highest standard. The best part of the Bic site, however, is this rather curious fact: 100 percent of pen balls are made through a highlycontrolled process. As opposed to a highly uncontrolled process, involving explosions and bouncy castles and total chaos, we suppose.（1）Why does the author mention the case of Yellowstone? A.To list the facts.B.To prove his point.C.To pare the two situations.D.To emphasize the importance of safety.（2）What does the underlined word obstructing in paragraph 2 mean? A.Block.B.Open.C.Transform.D.Narrow.（3）Why were the writing tests on pens carried out? A.To work out their lifespan.B.To assure their good quality.C.To prove some random facts.D.To pare different pens with each other.（4）In what tone does the author develop the text? A.Critical.