【正文】 r置于句首時，句子結構要倒裝?！　±洌?no sooner had we reached the top of the hill than we all sat down to rest.　　hardly had the teacher entered the classroom when the pupils were in absolute silence. (be in absolute silence可譯為“鴉雀無聲”)　　3. 用于虛擬語氣條件句中，表示與過去事實相反的假設。　　例句： i would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but i was fully occupied the whole of last week. (1997年第4題)　　分析： 該句是并列復合句。had it been at all possible是省略了if的倒裝句，完整形式應為 if it had been...。本句but前是一個非真實條件句，表示與過去事實相反的假設?！　∽g文： 如果有一點可能的話，我都會到醫(yī)院去看望他，但我上個禮拜整個一周都沒有空?！　?，expect，think，intend，want，mean，suppose，plan，believe等用于過去完成 時，表示未實現(xiàn)的希望、意圖、計劃等?！　±洌?mr. pelkmans is not among those who had believed that the ec?s single market is threatened by the doubt building over europe?s continued integration.　　分析： 該句是復合句。定語從句who had believed...修飾those。that the ec?s single market is threatened...作believed的賓語。分詞短語building over...作定語修飾the doubt。　　譯文： 有些人原以為對促進歐洲持續(xù)整合懷有的疑慮會威脅到歐共體的統(tǒng)一市場，佩爾克斯曼先生并不這么認為?！　∽⒁猓?當連詞after指明兩個過去動作的時間先后順序時，after從句中可用過去完成時，也可用一般過去時。在連詞when引導的從句中，有時過去完成時與一般過去時可以互換使用。當before用作連詞引導從句時，主句中過去完成時與一般過去時也可互換使用?！　±? julia left the room after she had turned off (turned off) the light.　　when the teacher had left (left) the room, the pupils started talking.　　before he entered college, he had served (served) in the army.　　(四)一般將來時(simple future tense)　　一般將來時表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)，其形式和用法如下所述?！　?. will/shall+動詞，表示單純的將來含義?！　±洌?some day software will translate both written and spoken language so well that the need for any mon second language could decline. (XX年第23題)　　分析： 該句是復合句。written and spoken作定語修飾language。that后是一結果狀語從句。　　譯文： 有朝一日，軟件既能用來做文字翻譯又能做口頭翻譯，而且能翻譯得很好，以至于對任何通用的第二語言的需求都會下降?！　±洌?hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with hamlet hamburger bars, the lear lounge, the banquo banqueting room, and so forth and will be very expensive. (選自XX年text 2)　　分析： 該句是復合句。which引導的定語從句修飾its own hotel。從句中you may be sure是插入語，從句的主干部分為which will be decorated with...and will be very expensive?！　∽g文： 希爾頓正在那兒建立自己的酒店，你或許可以肯定它將配有(以莎士比亞劇中人物的名字命名的)哈姆雷特漢堡包店、李爾王休息室、班柯宴會包間等，而且價格非常昂貴?！　?. be going to+動詞，表示按計劃或打算在最近的將來做某事，也可表示對未來的預測?！　±洌?as long as poor people, who in general are colored, are in conflict with richer people who in general are lighter skinned, there is going to be a constant racial conflict in the world. (1999年第18題)　　分析： 該句是復合句。定語從句who in general are colored和who in general are lighter skinned分別修飾poor people以及richer people。從句的主干部分為poor people are in conflict with richer people?！　∽g文： 一般來說，只要窮人與富人(也就是一般的有色人種和白色人種)之間有沖突，那么這個世界上的種族沖突就不會停止?！　±洌?clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television panies are going to be able to pete in such a rich and hotly contested market. (選自XX年part c)　　分析： 該句是簡單句?！　∽g文： 顯然，只有規(guī)模最大、應變能力最強的電視傳媒集團才能夠在這個精彩紛呈而又競爭 激烈的市場中生存。　　3. be to+動詞，表示按計劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動作或要求別人去做的事，常用來表示官方的命令、決定、禁止、許可等?！　±洌篿f gilbert and the philharmonic are to succeed，they must first change the relationship between america?s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hopes to attract. (選自XX年text 4)　　分析：該句是復合句。其中，在主句中，定語從句it hopes to attract修飾audience。　　譯文：如果吉爾伯特和紐約愛樂樂團想獲得成功，他們首先必須改變美國最古老的交響樂團和其想要吸引的新一批觀眾間的關系?！　±洌?but his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. (XX年第49題)　　分析： 該句是復合句，本句主干為his primary task is not to think about...any more than...。定語從句which governs his activity修飾the moral code。其中not...any more than意為“不……也不……”?！　∽g文： 但是，他的首要任務并不是考慮支配自己行動的道德規(guī)范，就如同不能指望商人專注于探討行業(yè)規(guī)范一樣?！　?about to+動詞，表示最近即將發(fā)生的動作，不接時間狀語?！　±洌?marlin is a young man of independent thinking who is not about to pay pliments to his political leaders. (1999年第9題)　　分析： 該句是復合句。定語從句who is not about to pay pliments to...修飾a young man?！　∽g文： 馬林是個有獨立思考能力的年輕人，他不會恭維他的政治領導人。　　例句： his brother, who was a school teacher, was broke, his stomach ulcers were troubling him, one of his children had to have a serious operation, and his wife was about to have twins.　　分析： 該句是并列復合句，其中定語從句who was a school teacher修飾his brother。主干部分為his brother was...，his stomach ulcers were...，one of his children had to..., and his wife was about to...?！　∽g文： 他的哥哥是一位老師，已身無分文，并患上了胃潰瘍，他的一個孩子要接受一次大手術，他的愛人將要生一對雙胞胎。　　5. 位置移動動詞，如： e，arrive，go，fly，catch，start，leave，travel的用法是be+現(xiàn)在分詞，表示按計劃即將發(fā)生的一個動作，常跟較近將來時間狀語連用。　　例句： the spring festival is ing, and all the urban people are busy engaging in all kinds of preparations.　　分析： 該句是由and連接的并列句?！　∽g文： 春節(jié)就要到了，城里人都在忙著做各種各樣的準備?！　?. 動詞e，go，start，leave，arrive，return，begin常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來，表示已經(jīng)預先計劃安排好的或肯定發(fā)生的動作，主語常為事物名詞?！　±洌?by the time you arrive in london, we will have stayed in europe for two weeks. (1994年第1題)　　分析： 該句是復合句。arrive用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來?！　∽g文： 你到達倫敦時，我們將已經(jīng)在歐洲待了兩周了?！　?五)現(xiàn)在進行時(present continuous tense)　　1. 表示此刻正在進行或在目前限定時間內(nèi)不斷進行的動作?！　±洌?that may change fast: lots of proposed data security legislation is now doing the rounds in washington ..(選自XX年text 4)　　分析： 該句是并列句，冒號后的內(nèi)容是對前面所提內(nèi)容的進一步說明?！　∽g文： 這一切很快就會改變： 很多提議的信息安全法規(guī)正在華盛頓逐一討論?！　±洌篿t?s no surprise that jennifer senior?s insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “i love my children, i hate my life,” is arousing much chatter—nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a pletely fulfilling, life enriching experience. (選自XX年text 4)　　分析：該句中，破折號前是一個復合句，其中，it是形式主語，真正的主語是jennifer senior?s insightful, provocative magazine cover story is arousing much chatter，引號中的內(nèi)容與其前cover story為同位語關系。破折號后的內(nèi)容是對前面陳述內(nèi)容的解釋，suggestion后是一個同位語從句?！　∽g文：詹妮佛森尼爾見解深刻、頗具煽動性的雜志封面文章《我愛我的孩子，我討厭我的生活》引發(fā)了熱烈的議論，這不足為奇——沒有什么比“育兒絕非完全是實現(xiàn)自我、豐富生活的體驗”這樣的暗示更能引發(fā)人們的討論了?！　?. 表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作，而此刻并不一定在進行?！　±洌?the future of this pany is at stake: many of its talented employees are following into more profitable net based businesses. (XX年第30題)　　分析： 該句是并列句，冒號后的內(nèi)容是對前面內(nèi)容的進一步解釋?！　∽g文： 這家公司的未來生死未卜，它的許多有才能的雇員正流失到賺錢更多的網(wǎng)絡行業(yè)中去?！　±洌?“data is being an asset which needs to be gua