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譯文: 這家公司的未來(lái)生死未卜,它的許多有才能的雇員正流失到賺錢更多的網(wǎng)絡(luò)行業(yè)中去?! ∽g文:詹妮佛 例句: that may change fast: lots of proposed data security legislation is now doing the rounds in washington ..(選自XX年text 4) 分析: 該句是并列句,冒號(hào)后的內(nèi)容是對(duì)前面所提內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明?! ±洌?by the time you arrive in london, we will have stayed in europe for two weeks. (1994年第1題) 分析: 該句是復(fù)合句。 5. 位置移動(dòng)動(dòng)詞,如: e,arrive,go,fly,catch,start,leave,travel的用法是be+現(xiàn)在分詞,表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的一個(gè)動(dòng)作,常跟較近將來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用?! ∽g文: 馬林是個(gè)有獨(dú)立思考能力的年輕人,他不會(huì)恭維他的政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。 譯文: 但是,他的首要任務(wù)并不是考慮支配自己行動(dòng)的道德規(guī)范,就如同不能指望商人專注于探討行業(yè)規(guī)范一樣?! ∽g文:如果吉爾伯特和紐約愛樂樂團(tuán)想獲得成功,他們首先必須改變美國(guó)最古老的交響樂團(tuán)和其想要吸引的新一批觀眾間的關(guān)系?! ∽g文: 顯然,只有規(guī)模最大、應(yīng)變能力最強(qiáng)的電視傳媒集團(tuán)才能夠在這個(gè)精彩紛呈而又競(jìng)爭(zhēng) 激烈的市場(chǎng)中生存。定語(yǔ)從句who in general are colored和who in general are lighter skinned分別修飾poor people以及richer people。從句中you may be sure是插入語(yǔ),從句的主干部分為which will be decorated with...and will be very expensive。that后是一結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句?! ±? julia left the room after she had turned off (turned off) the light. when the teacher had left (left) the room, the pupils started talking. before he entered college, he had served (served) in the army. (四)一般將來(lái)時(shí)(simple future tense) 一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),其形式和用法如下所述?! ∽g文: 有些人原以為對(duì)促進(jìn)歐洲持續(xù)整合懷有的疑慮會(huì)威脅到歐共體的統(tǒng)一市場(chǎng),佩爾克斯曼先生并不這么認(rèn)為?! ±洌?mr. pelkmans is not among those who had believed that the ec?s single market is threatened by the doubt building over europe?s continued integration. 分析: 該句是復(fù)合句。had it been at all possible是省略了if的倒裝句,完整形式應(yīng)為 if it had been...?! ?. 用于hardly...when, scarcely...when(before), no sooner...than(剛一……就)句型中?! ∽g文: 她舉止謙遜、得體,就像他當(dāng)初見到她時(shí)她所表現(xiàn)的那樣: 金黃色的卷發(fā),尖尖的紅指甲?! ?三)過去完成時(shí)(past perfect tense) 1. 表示過去某時(shí)刻以前發(fā)生和完成的動(dòng)作,即過去的過去,常用于主從復(fù)合句中。如果主句動(dòng)詞表示將來(lái)時(shí)間,從句仍使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 例句: i?ll help you when i have finished my work. i will return the book if i have finished it. 4. 下列表達(dá)方式后要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)?! ±洌?since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. (選自XX年text 2) 分析: 該句是復(fù)合句?! ?. 未完成用法: 表示動(dòng)作從過去某時(shí)開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,還有可能持續(xù)下去,強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)性,這一用法要帶表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ),如: recently, these days, for 3 years, since XX, over the past等。主句的主干部分是the same dramatic technological changes have also increased the risk。 例句: i have excluded him because, while his acplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. (XX年第48題) 分析: 該句是復(fù)合句。 natural philosophy deep。 an able fellow needs the help of three other people. 譯文: 一個(gè)籬笆三個(gè)樁,一個(gè)好漢三個(gè)幫。 譯文: 作為一門產(chǎn)業(yè),生物技術(shù)在營(yíng)業(yè)額上可以與電子業(yè)相媲美,并且到了2020年還有可能在社會(huì)影響上超過它?! ∽g文:他一結(jié)束工作就會(huì)來(lái)。該復(fù)合句中包含when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。從句what is scientifically justified作介詞beyond 的賓語(yǔ)。when后省略了people are?! ∽g文: 翻譯中的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)在于找到一個(gè)相對(duì)應(yīng)的概念。in consequence后是另一個(gè)并列句。這里著重講解重要時(shí)態(tài)的用法?! ?dòng)詞 動(dòng)詞是表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞,根據(jù)其意義和作用,動(dòng)詞可分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞?! ∽ⅲ?需要強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體時(shí),集體名詞一般應(yīng)使用單位詞,如: three heads of cattle 三頭牛 a piece of luggage 一件行李 (七)有些名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式不同,詞義也發(fā)生變化 例如: air(空氣)——airs(樣子,擺架子) anxiety(焦慮)——anxieties(令人憂慮的事) brain(大腦)——brains(智力) custom(風(fēng)俗)——customs(海關(guān)) damage(損壞)——damages(賠償金) delicacy(微妙)——delicacies(山珍海味) disorder(混亂)——disorders(小病,病痛) experience(經(jīng)驗(yàn))——experiences(經(jīng)歷) fear(恐懼)——fears(擔(dān)心) glass(玻璃)——glasses(眼鏡) joy(快樂)——joys(令人快樂的人或事) kindness(善意)——kindnesses(善行) pity(憐憫)——pities(不幸) people(人民)——peoples(民族) security(安全)——securities(證券,債券) time(時(shí)間)——times(時(shí)代) work(工作)——works(作品) authority(權(quán)威,權(quán)力)——authorities(官方,當(dāng)局) 例句: they want to expose those educationally disadvantaged students to creative,enriching educational experiences for a five year period. 分析: 該句是簡(jiǎn)單句,其中expose sb. to “使某人暴露在……之下”?! 。纾骸 udience boardfamily class couple crew mitteegovernment jury party team public pany 做整體講時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)?! ?六)集體名詞數(shù)的問題 1. 有些集體名詞后接單數(shù)動(dòng)詞,如: merchandisepoetry machinery furnitureluggage baggage foliage(樹葉) 例句: modern machinery has been installed in the pany. 譯文: 公司已經(jīng)安裝了現(xiàn)代化的機(jī)械。 ,如: checkers(跳棋)、 darts(投鏢游戲)、 billiards(彈子戲)、 cards(紙牌)以及專有名詞,如 naples(那不勒斯),the united states,the new york times等,但表示瀑布、山脈、島嶼的以s結(jié)尾的專有名詞常表復(fù)數(shù)?! ±洌?i?m going to weigh my luggage: are there any scales? 譯文: 我想把行李過一下磅,有磅秤嗎? 例句: the girl wears sun glasses, which were bought from the glasses? line, and a pair of old ones has been broken. 譯文: 姑娘戴著從眼鏡行買來(lái)的太陽(yáng)鏡,而那副舊眼鏡已經(jīng)折斷了。that huge...the planet是evidence的同位語(yǔ)從句。其中短語(yǔ)“in favor of ”的意思是“贊成,支持?! ∽g文: 每個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)的最終價(jià)值在于其對(duì)人類的獨(dú)特影響,如果人類在對(duì)此的認(rèn)識(shí)上已有所進(jìn)展,那么我們也許完全可以相信這種經(jīng)驗(yàn)已在與年輕人打交道的過程中學(xué)會(huì)了。 who lived...是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,解釋說(shuō)明prince henry?! ∽g文: 他們想讓那些教育背景欠佳的學(xué)生接受一種既有創(chuàng)造性又能豐富人生的為期五年的教育。當(dāng)看做集體的各個(gè)成員時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)?! ±洌?this class of merchandise is usually sold on d/p(documents payment) basis. 譯文: 這種商品通常在付款交單的基礎(chǔ)上出售。 例句: today, the snooker billiards bees an international sports activity that the people of various countries like. 分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,that the people of various countries like作定語(yǔ)修飾sports activity?! ×硗膺€有: arms goodsclothes contents headquarters minutes(會(huì)議記錄) regards(敬意) wages respects(敬意,問候) thanks fireworks(煙火)archives(檔案) 例句: my wages are the principle source of my ine. 譯文: 薪金是我收入的主要來(lái)源?! ∽g文: 環(huán)繞火星的兩艘宇宙飛船接收到的數(shù)據(jù)表明, 有充分的證據(jù)表明該行星的赤道附近正下著大暴雨。有利于”?! ?二)復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 some/a lot of (lots of) /plenty of/a large quantity of/a wealth of/heaps of/a few/the number of/a number of/quantities of/a great many (of) +復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 例句: plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they?ve apparently learned is when to stop. (選自XX年use of english) 分析: 該句是并列句,在第二個(gè)句子中they?ve apparently learned是一個(gè)省略關(guān)系代詞的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾things?! ∽g文: 葡萄牙人給了這位促進(jìn)海上旅行的人很多榮譽(yù),此人便是15世紀(jì)的航海家亨利王子?! ∪纾骸 omen?s shoes (女鞋) students? books (學(xué)生用書) a master?s degree (研究生學(xué)位) 例句: and even more incredible is the young brain?s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to bine and rebine the parts of a language in new ways. 分析:該句是倒裝句,正常句序是the young brain?s...in new ways is even more incredible,主語(yǔ)中to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to bine and rebine...在句中作定語(yǔ)修飾abil