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s surprise 使……驚訝的是;使……感到震驚 253 take classes 上課 254 take sb to 把某人帶去 eg : I39。re told to stay away from the animals when visiting the zoo. 當(dāng)我們參觀動物園時,我們要遠(yuǎn)離動物。 He shows little regard for others. 他不愛關(guān)心別人。 224 rather… than 寧可……也不…… eg : I would rather be a doctor than a teacher. 我愿肯當(dāng)醫(yī)生,也不當(dāng)老師。t stop crying until I give her sugar 205 offer / provide sb with sth 給某人提供 206 offer sb sth / offer sth to sb 提供什么東西給某人 eg : I offer you water / I offer water to you 我給你提供水 207 on one39。t junp far at all 202 not… at all 一點都不 203 not… either 表否定,也不 eg : I don39。s way 誰 迷 路 eg : Lose your way 你迷路 181 make a decision to do sth 決定做某事 182 make friends with sb 和誰成為朋友 eg : I want to make friends with you 183 make it early 把時間定的早一點 184 make on exhibition of oneself 讓某人出洋相 37 185 make sb /n +n 使什么成為什么 eg : I made her my step moller I made you my wife 186 make sb /sth +adj 使某人(某物)怎么樣 eg : You must made your bed clean 187 make sb /sth adj 使某人 /某物怎么樣 188 make sb do sth 讓某人做某事 eg : I made him write 我以前讓他寫 189 make up be made up of (被動語態(tài))由……組成 190 make… difference to… 191 mind sb to do mind one39。s time to have class It39。s important to sb 對某人來說很重要 eg: It39。s +adj(for sb) to do(對某人來說) 做某事怎么樣 It39。s +adj +for sb to do sth 對某人來說做某事怎么樣 158 It39。ll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足夠的錢,我就要去英國 147 in one39。t know if (wether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否應(yīng)該去參加晚會 He don39。t fet to do sth 不要忘了做某事 98 Don39。m sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station 我十分道歉打擾你,但是你能告訴我怎么去車站 29 the problem has been bothering me for weeks 這個問題困擾了我?guī)讉€周了 He39。s strict in obeying noles 62 be strict with sb 對某人要求嚴(yán)格 eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 這些學(xué)生對自己不嚴(yán)格 63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面對某人嚴(yán)格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么 65 be sure 表確定 66 be sure of doing sth 對做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well 67 be sure of sth 對做某事有信心 eg: I39。m afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允許做什么 eg: I39。如: May good luck be 。 It is time we went to : 22 It is time we summed up our 了。如: It looks as if it might rain,天好像要下雨似的。動詞形式用動詞的過去式 (be 用were)或 had + 過去分詞。如上面三例只用 hold, discuss 和 have,不用should hold, should discuss 和 should have。如: I suggest that we should hold a meeting 晚開個會。如: . I wish he, might stay with 。 (和過去事實相反 ) I wished I hadn39。m sorry he has gone.) We wish you had e to our New Year39。 I wish I knew how to operate the 架機(jī)器該有多好啊 ! (= I39。 It is imperative that we should practise criticism and selfcriti cism. 應(yīng)當(dāng)進(jìn)行批評與自我批評。如: It is quite natural that he should think 自然的事。 (only亦可置于 would 等助動詞之后 ) [注 ]有時 if only 只表條件,不表愿望。如: 18 Who would have thought of it ? 誰會想到是這樣的呢 ? 2)省去了結(jié)果主句的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu) (常用以表示愿望 )。如: That would be 。 If the rain stops, I39。如: If it rains tomorrow, we shall not go 話,我們就不出去。t have finished it on time and most likely I would be still working 幫助我,我不可能按時完成工作,很可能現(xiàn)在還在干哩。s advice, he Would be quite all right ,現(xiàn)在就會痊愈了。 I Would help you if I could. 假如我能夠的話,我一定幫助你。 四、虛擬語氣三 虛擬語氣和情態(tài)動詞 虛擬結(jié)構(gòu) (不論從句或主句 )??捎们閼B(tài)動詞的過去式,即 could,might, wou1d 等加不帶 to 的動詞不定式或不帶 to 的動詞不定式完成式,來作謂語動詞。如: without contradiction nothing would exist. 沒有矛盾就沒有世界。如: Should he e, tell him to ring me ,讓他給我打個電話。 If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her about your decisions. 我明天如見到她,就把你的決定告訴她。 If you dropped the glass, it would 來,它就會打碎的。 If the child had fallen through the ice, he would have drowned. 假如這孩子掉到冰窯里,他定會淹死了。 If you had e a few minutes earlier, you would have met ,你就見到他了。 If She knew German, She would read Marx and Engels in the 13 original 假如她懂德語,她就會讀馬克思和恩格斯的原著了。 虛擬語氣常用在表示條件的從句和表示結(jié)果的主句中。如: If I were not so busy, I would go with ,我會和你一起去。t move! 不許動 ! Don39。 b)祈使語氣 (imperative mood)表示講話人對對方的請求或命令。 2)語氣的種類語氣可分為下列三種: a)直陳語氣 (indicative mood)表示講話人認(rèn)為他所說的話是一個事實。 He works just as hard as everyone else although he is over ,仍和大家一樣努力工作。 8)介詞的位置 介詞一般也放在名詞或代詞之前。 (often 為狀語,修飾動詞 go,放在它的前面 ) We take exercise every 。如動詞有賓語,狀語一般須放在賓語之后。 (及物動詞的賓語的位置 ) There are many trees in this 。如: It39。如: We help each 。 8 b)疑問句 (interrogative sentence)用來提出疑問,如: Did you see him yesterday?你昨天見到他了嗎 ? c)祈使句 (imperative sentence)表示請求、命令等,如: Please e 。s father worked from morning till night but he got very little ,但掙得的錢很少。 (sentence)內(nèi)含主語部分和謂語部分,有比較完整的意義的一組詞,叫做句子。 b)表語從句 (predicative clause)如 This is what I want to say(這是我要說的 )中的 what I want to say。 d)介詞短語 (prepositional phrase)如: He came by bus(他乘公共汽車來 )中的 by bus。短語在句子里可以單獨作為一個句子成分。 (名詞 music 作賓語 ) The medicine is good for 。(動詞 rides 作謂語動詞 ) 3)表語:名詞、代詞和形容詞 5 His father is a 。 在句子里,一定的句子成分由一定的詞類來擔(dān)任。 [注 ]虛詞在句子中一律不能作為句子成分。介詞后面的名詞或代詞,叫做介詞的賓語,如 They don39。如 I study English(我學(xué)習(xí)英語 )中的 I。屬于后四類(冠、介、連、感等詞)的詞沒有實義,叫做虛詞 (form word)。 9)連詞 (conjunction,縮寫為 conj.)是連接詞、短語、從句和句子的詞,如 and(和 ), because(因為 ), if(假如 )。 6)副詞 (adverb,縮寫 為。 2)代詞 (pronoun,縮寫為 pron.)是用來代替名詞的 詞,如 we(我們 ), his(他的 ), all(全部 )。一個句子由各個功用不同的部分所構(gòu)成 ,這些部分叫做句子成分。 1 四、有關(guān)英語語法手冊大全手冊 ( 1)英語語法手冊 大家在學(xué)習(xí)英語和準(zhǔn)備各種考試時,總是把聽說讀寫放在首位,誠然,學(xué)習(xí)語言重在實踐。 學(xué)一個詞,要學(xué)它的發(fā)音、拼法、意義,也要記它的詞類;更重要的是要了解它和其他詞的關(guān)系,及其在句中作什么句子成分。 3)形容詞 (adjective,縮寫為 adj.)用來修飾名詞,如 great(偉大的 ), honest(誠實的 ), difficult(困難的 )。 adv.)是修飾動詞、形容詞和副詞的詞,如 quickly(快 ), often(經(jīng)常 ), very(很 )。 10)感嘆詞 (interjection,縮寫為 int.)表示感情,如。 [注二 ]不少詞可以屬于幾個詞類,如 work(工作;動詞和名詞 ),fast(快;形容詞和副詞 ), since(自從;連詞和介詞 )等。 2)謂語動詞 (predicate verb)它是說明主語的動作或狀態(tài)的,如I study English 中的 study。t work on Sunday(他們星期天不工作 )中的Sunday,就是介詞 on 的賓語。 二 .英語詞法和句法 (morphology)詞法研究的對象是各種詞的形式及其用法?,F(xiàn)將哪些句子成分通常由哪些詞類來擔(dān)任列述如 下: 1)主語:名詞和代詞 Beijing is the capital of our 。 (名詞 doctor 作表語 ) The lesson is easy and 。 (代詞 her 作賓語 ) 5)定語:形容詞 Li Hong is an excellent 。短