【正文】 ng nations, and the inability of producer nations to export it could cause dramatic chain reactions in their economies.”咖啡是發(fā)展中國(guó)家的第二大貿(mào)易商品，而生產(chǎn)國(guó)無(wú)法出口咖啡，可能會(huì)在其經(jīng)濟(jì)中引發(fā)巨大的連鎖反應(yīng))和最后一段中的“Not only that, but the economic effects will cost the West millions in increased foreign aid.”不僅如此，其經(jīng)濟(jì)影響還將使西方國(guó)家在增加對(duì)外援助方面損失數(shù)百萬(wàn)美元。由此推斷出，這些小的變化也可能產(chǎn)生大的影響，故選B。 （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“a new report suggests that the effects of climate change may significantly affect coffee.”一份新的報(bào)告表明，氣候變化的影響可能會(huì)顯著影響咖啡。和第五段中的“Indeed, studies claim that by 2050 the area of the world suitable for growing coffee will be cut by half.”事實(shí)上，研究表明，到2050年，世界上適合種植咖啡的面積將減少一半。由此推斷出，作者對(duì)咖啡生產(chǎn)的未來(lái)很擔(dān)憂，故選B。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇社會(huì)類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 There39。s a world of difference between a horror movie and a edy—the former scares you half to death while the latter leaves you rolling on the floor with laughter. But try watching them without the background music and you just might decide they39。re not so different after all. Music and movies have been closely connected since the beginning of the film industry—even before the voices of actors were recorded. In movies, music helps to provide a sense of time and place, convey ideas about the characters and, most importantly, draw emotions out of the audience. Studies have long shown that our heart rates and anxiety levels rise and fall depending on the speed of the music we hear. Using this knowledge, posers use sudden changes in film music speed to create fear among audiences. Slowing the speed of the music will have the opposite effect, bringing about a sense of peace or a dreamlike quality. The use of dissonant (不和諧的) tones and noises is another technique that heightens tension. Humans naturally bee unnerved when we hear dissonant sounds because such noises are usually associated with danger, like those that animals make to warn against predators (捕食者). As crucial as it is, the best film music is subtle. All that audiences are supposed to feel is a heightened sense of emotion—they shouldn39。t realize what39。s causing it. Only when the music is taken out of the film should audiences understand its effects. In keeping with this principle, some filmmakers are even using what39。s called infrasound (次聲波) to arouse fear. While we may not be able to hear it because its frequency is below the range of the human ear, infrasound has been proven to cause anxiety, tremble and even sorrow. For example, infrasound was used in the soundtrack of the 2007 horror movie Paranormal Activity, and audiences reposed extremely high fear levels despite the 1ack of action throughout the movie. It doesn39。t affect everyone equally, said British science writer Philip Ball, author of The Music Instinct, but he predicted that we will see more of it used in movies in the future.（1）What is the difference between a horror movie and a edy? A.Their history.B.Their background music.C.Their actors.D.Their time and place.（2）What causes fear among audiences? A.The theme of the music.B.The slow speed of the tangle.C.The knowledge of the music.D.The unexpected change of the music.（3）What does the underlined word subtle in the third paragraph mean? A.GentleB.WonderfulC.Not immediately obviousD.Not extremely attractive（4）What do we know about infrasound from the last paragraph? A.It can39。t be known to people.B.It makes audiences relaxed.C.It is within the range of the human ear.D.It will be used more in movies in the future.【答案】 （1）B（2）D（3）C（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，電影和音樂(lè)的關(guān)系密切，音樂(lè)對(duì)于電影影響重大，作者說(shuō)明了電影制作者如何用音樂(lè)來(lái)渲染氣氛。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的But try watching them without the background music and you just might decide they39。re not so different after all.可知，但是試著在沒(méi)有背景音樂(lè)的情況下看它們，你可能會(huì)覺(jué)得它們并沒(méi)有什么不同。所以通過(guò)反向推理，要是有了背景音樂(lè)，恐怖電影和喜劇電影就截然不同了。故判斷出恐怖電影和喜劇電影的區(qū)別在于他們的背景音樂(lè)。故選B。 （2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的Using this knowledge, posers use sudden changes in film music speed to create fear among audiences.可知，利用這一知識(shí)，作曲家利用電影音樂(lè)速度的突然變化在觀眾中制造恐懼。所以音樂(lè)的突然變化會(huì)使觀眾恐懼。故選D。 （3）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第三段中的All that audiences are supposed to feel is a heightened sense of emotion—they shouldn39。t realize what39。s causing it. Only when the music is taken out of the film should audiences understand its effects.可知，觀眾應(yīng)該感受到的只是一種強(qiáng)烈的情感——他們不應(yīng)該意識(shí)到是什么導(dǎo)致了這種情感。只有當(dāng)音樂(lè)被從電影中刪除時(shí)，觀眾才能理解它的影響。所以這段在解釋最好的電影音樂(lè)是不易被觀眾察覺(jué)的音樂(lè)。也就是對(duì)subtle的解釋。故第三段加下劃線的subtle一詞是C選項(xiàng)“不明顯的”。故選C。 （4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的but he predicted that we will see more of it used in movies in the future可知，但他預(yù)測(cè)“我們將來(lái)會(huì)看到更多的電影會(huì)使用它”。所以從最后一段可知，infrasound將在未來(lái)的電影中被更多地使用。故選D。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。9．閱讀理解 After shopping for deals in stores on Black Friday, or online on Cyber Monday, Americans and people worldwide are preparing for newly popular Giving Tuesday. Starting in 2012, now the global event that is celebrated annually on the Tuesday after Thanksgiving is the brainchild of 92nd Street Y, a cultural center in New York City and United Nations Foundation. As the name indicates, Giving Tuesday is meant to restart the charitable season and therefore observed by raising funds for local nonprofits and schools, organizing food and clothing drives, and conducting random acts of kindness. In 2015, 700, 000 people from 71 countries came together to donate $ million in cash. An additional $ million was spent on gifts. While the easiest way to participate is by donating to your favorite charity, this day can be celebrated in many other ways too. You can give back by volunteering at your local shelter or food bank, or even by donating blood. If all else fails, a purchase from the growing number of organizations that give a portion of their sales to charity will do the trick. But perhaps the best way to celebrate the day is by helping those nearest and dearest to you. Assist a family member with a simple chore like folding laundry, cooking dinner, or even reading to a younger sibling. No matter what you do,