【正文】 ns if an equivalent( 意義相同的)French expression existed but the law seemed to be honored more in the breaking than in the observing. Some other countries have considered introducing a similar law despite the evidence that such laws have very little effect, and that the arrival of loan words( 外來詞) can greatly enrich a language (as indeed in the case of English itself, which has a long history of weling foreign words). However, not everyone is critical. In particular, mercial firms and advertisers are well aware of the potential selling power that the use of English vocabulary can bring. In Japan, English is even used in television mercials, despite the fact that the majority of viewers would not understand exactly what was being said: the excellence implied by the mere use of English is apparently enough to mand the strategy to the advertisers. Most of the influence of English is upon the vocabulary of foreign languages, but surveys are slowly bringing to light several cases where word order or word structure has been affected. Sentences of the type “The book sells well”, using an active construction for a passive meaning, have begun to appear in Danish (Bogen soelger godt). Several languages keep the English plural ending when they make use of a loan word, and do not translate it into the native form, . drinks. There are many other such cases.（1）Why could the Brazilian child speak 39。one, two, three39。 in English? A.Because he had seen these words everywhere in the street.B.Because he had learnt how to tell the time in English.C.Because he had made himself master of English.D.Because he had heard these words in songs a lot.（2）What can we infer about the law passed in France in1977? A.It was strict.B.It was unfair.C.It was often ignored.D.It was strongly opposed.（3）Some Japanese mercials use English in the hope of . A.following the American trendB.being worldfamousC.enriching JapaneseD.increasing sales（4）The last paragraph is mainly developed by . A.providing examplesB.making parisonsC.explaining grammar rulesD.analyzing language change（5）What is the authors attitude towards language change? A.Critical.B.Objective.C.Concerned.D.Supportive.【答案】 （1）D（2）C（3）D（4）A（5）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了造成語言變化的外部影響，最著名的例子是世界文化的“美國化”，它導致英語單詞出現在世界各地的城市街道上。這種影響在流行音樂中最為明顯。 （1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據第一段中的“Foreign groups often record in English ??? but only by adding the words 39。o39。clock, four o39。clock rock at the end.”可知文中提到的這個巴西小孩可能本身不太會說英語，但是由于含有這些英語數字的歌曲不斷重復播放，所以他學會了說這些數字。故選D。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據第二段中的“In 1977, France passed a law banning the use of English words in official situations if an equivalent( 意義相同的)French expression existed but the law seemed to be honored more in the breaking than in the observing.”可知1977年，法國通過了一項法律，禁止在官方場合使用與法語表達相同的英語詞匯——但這項法律似乎更多地是在打破而不是遵守。故我們可以推測這項法律經常被忽視，故選C。 （3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據第三段中的“the potential selling power that the use of English vocabulary can bring以及the excellence implied by the mere use of English”可知，廣告中使用英語能讓人感覺該產品很出色，激發(fā)人們的購買欲。故選D。 （4）考查推理判斷。最后一段中通過“主動結構表達被動意義”和“保留表示復數的詞尾”兩個例子來說明英語對其他語言的語序或結構也有影響。故選A。 （5）考查推理判斷。文章的敘述主要以第三人稱視角，引用了不同人的觀點和意見，作者本身沒有發(fā)表看法，因此可以推斷作者對于語言轉變的態(tài)度是“客觀的”，故選B。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，并根據上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解 Tiny Countries You Never knew Existed Sao Tome and Principe Sao Tome and Principe off Africa39。s west coast is only 372 square miles, but it has Impressive, undamaged nature, rich in biodiverse species. The amazing needlelike volcanic peak Pico Cao Grande rises 1,000 feet into the air. The islands are home to only around 200,000 people today. San Marino Only 23 square miles with a population of just 34,000, the littleknown country of San Marino, surrounded by Italy, is the world39。s fifth smallest country. With the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Mount Titano, the country is said to be the oldest republic in the world. Dominica Dominica covers only 290 square miles, with some of the best diving in the Caribbean, including the UNESCO World Heritage Site of volcanic Morme Trois Pitons National Park. In Dominica, you39。ll see rainforests, waterfalls, and coastal views. The island is also home to the only remaining population of the Kalinago, who are part of the island39。s 74, 900 inhabitants. Kiribati This Pacific island country 33 coral islands is 313 squaremiles, but it39。s the only country in the world to fall into all four hemispheres (半球). The country39。s 109, 000 residents live in only 21 of the islands see this tropical paradise before it is no longerrising seas are threatening to swallow the country whole.（1）Which country has the smallest population? A.Sao Tome and Principe.B.San Marin.C.Dominica.D.Kiribati.（2）What can one see in both San Marino and Dominica? A.Volcanoes.B.World heritage sites.C.Views of the Caribbean.D.Waterfalls.（3）Which is true of Kiribati? A.It is rich in biodiverse species.B.It is surrounded by Italy.C.It is home to the Kalinago.D.It is disappearing.【答案】 （1）B（2）B