【正文】 e set themselves apart in their timeless appeal and will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future. In a 1757 essay, the philosopher David Hume argued that because the general principles of taste are uniform(不變的) in human nature, the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent. He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years. Works of this type, he believed, spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could continue to exist over centuries. Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality of art. For example, evolutionary psychology is being used by literary scholars to explain the longlasting themes and plot devices in fiction. The structures of musical pieces are now open to experimental analysis as never before. Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist.（1）According to the passage, what do we know about cultural relativism? A.It introduces different cultural values.B.It explains the history of artistic works.C.It relates artistic values to local conditions.D.It excites the human mind throughout the world.（2）In Paragraph 2, the artists are mentioned in order to show that _____ . A.great works of art can go beyond national boundariesB.history gives art works special appeal to set them apartC.popular arts are hardly distinguishable from great artsD.great artists are skilled at bining various cultures（3）According to Hume, some works of art can exist for centuries because_____ . A.they are results of scientific studyB.they establish some general principles of artC.they are created by the world39。s greatest artistsD.they appeal to unchanging features of human nature（4）Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage? A.Are Artistic Values Universal?B.Are Popular Arts Permanent?C.Is Human Nature Uniform?D.Is Cultural Relativism Scientific?【答案】 （1）C（2）A（3）D（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了根據(jù)文化相對(duì)主義，藝術(shù)作品在永恒受歡迎的原因是人類(lèi)的審美具有共同性，并且就此展開(kāi)說(shuō)明。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“The values of artistic works, according to cultural relativism(相對(duì)主義), are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions.”可知根據(jù)相對(duì)主義，藝術(shù)作品就是把藝術(shù)的價(jià)值與當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鐣?huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件結(jié)合在一塊，故選C。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“It is never rare to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls, as Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries, Unique works of this kind are different from today39。s popular art, even if they began as works of popular art.”可知不會(huì)把莫扎特與日本的音樂(lè)進(jìn)行比較，正如日本的畫(huà)作與巴黎的畫(huà)廊進(jìn)行比較，藝術(shù)作品是沒(méi)有國(guó)界的，故選A。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“In a 1757 essay, the philosopher David Hume argued that because‘ the general principles of taste are uniform(不變的) in human nature, the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent.’ ”可知Davide曾辯論到風(fēng)格的原則上是沒(méi)有變化的，所以一些藝術(shù)是可能會(huì)永生的，故選D。 （4）考查主旨大意。本文主要從相對(duì)論的角度來(lái)說(shuō)，藝術(shù)的價(jià)值只能反應(yīng)當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)，但作者提出不同的觀點(diǎn)，故選A。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類(lèi)閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 It is monly believed that in medieval France, New Year was celebrated on 1 April. Then in 1562, Pope Gregory introduced a new calendar for the Christian world, changing New Year to 1 January. With no modern munications, news travelled slowly and new ideas were often questioned. Many people did not hear of the change, some merely forgot, and others chose to ignore it. These people were called fools. Invitations to nonexistent New Year parties were sent and other practical jokes were played. Over time playing tricks on 1 April became a tradition. The custom eventually spread to England and Scotland, and it was later transported across the Atlantic to the American colonies (殖民地) of the English and the French. April Fools39。 Day has now developed into an international festival of fun, with different nationalities celebrating the day in special ways. France and Italy In France and Italy, if someone plays a trick on you, you are the fish of April. By the month of April fish have only just hatched and are therefore easy to catch. Children stick paper fish to their Friends39。 backs and chocolate fish are found in the shops. America and Britain Today, Americans and the British play small tricks on friends and strangers alike on 1 April. A mon trick is to point to a friend39。s shoe and say Your shoelace (鞋帶) is untied. When they look down, they are laughed at. Schoolchildren might tell a friend that school has been cancelled. Sometimes the media get involved. Once, a British short film was shown on April Fools39。 Day about spaghetti farmers and how they harvest their crop from spaghetti trees! Scotland In Scotland, April Fools39。 Day lasts for two days! The second day is called Taily Day and tricks on this day involve the bottom (or the tail, in informal speech). Often a sign saying ‘kick me39。 is stuck onto someone39。s back without them knowing.（1）In what condition would someone be called fish of April in France? A.When one is fooled.B.If one is fond of fish.C.When one fools others.D.If one prefers chocolate.（2）What was the purpose of the British short film? A.To help the audience.B.To trick the audience.C.To warn the audience.D.To inform the audience.（3）Where does April Fools39。 Day last for more than one day? A.Italy.B.France.C.America.D.Scotland.【答案】 （1）A（2）B（3）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，愚人節(jié)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為一個(gè)國(guó)際性的娛樂(lè)節(jié)日，不同的國(guó)家以不同的方式慶祝這一天。作者講述了關(guān)于“愚人節(jié)”的一些事情以及一些國(guó)家愚人節(jié)的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)France and Italy部分中的“In France and Italy, if someone plays a trick on