【正文】 feeling annoyed.39。t fort me.（4）What is the passage mainly about? names of animals in the English language. meaning of some English phrases. origins of phrases about animals. strange usages of some words.【答案】 （1）A（2）D（3）A（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了幾個(gè)有趣的帶有動(dòng)物名稱的英語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)的意思，以及它們適用的情景。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Monkeys are also known for acting silly. So, when kids act up, parents or teachers may tell them to stop monkeying around. It means to do things that are not useful or serious, or to simply waste time.”猴子也以愚蠢而聞名。因此，當(dāng)孩子們行動(dòng)起來(lái)時(shí)，父母或老師可能會(huì)告訴monkeying around。它意味著做一些沒用或不嚴(yán)肅的事情，或者只是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間?？芍ǔ０押⒆觽兒[稱為monkeying around，這種行為被認(rèn)為是silly的。故選A。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Let39。s say you know a secret, a big secret. And let39。s say you tell it to people. You have just let the cat out of the bag! This idiom means revealing (揭示) a secret or telling facts that were previously (先前) unknown.”(假設(shè)你知道一個(gè)秘密，一個(gè)大秘密。假設(shè)你把它告訴別人。你剛剛泄露了秘密!，可知let the cat out of the bag指的是透露一個(gè)秘密或者告訴別人以前未知的事實(shí)。如果你要求某人透露一個(gè)秘密，會(huì)用到這個(gè)習(xí)語(yǔ)。故選D。 （3）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)最后一段中的“when we bug people we bother them so much that we affect their good time. This mon expression is often said as a mand: ‘Stop bugging me！’”當(dāng)我們打擾別人的時(shí)候，我們會(huì)打擾他們太多以至于影響了他們的好時(shí)光。這個(gè)常見的表達(dá)經(jīng)常被當(dāng)作命令來(lái)使用:“Stop bugging me !”可知當(dāng)我們打擾別人或影響別人時(shí)，別人會(huì)說Stop bugging me，意為“別打擾我，別煩我”。故選A。 （4）考查主旨大意。本文介紹了monkeying around(It means to do things that are not useful or serious, or to simply waste time.)，as sick as a dog(If you are as sick as a dog, you are really sick and will most likely stay home from work or school.)，let the cat out of the bag(This idiom means revealing (揭示) a secret or telling facts that were previously (先前) unknown.)，stop bugging me(when we bug people we bother them so much that we affect their good time.)四個(gè)有趣的帶有動(dòng)物名稱的英語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)的意思，故選B。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解 What inspires kids to be creative and pursue academic excellence? Some teachers use rewards in recognition of students39。 effort or achievement, giving them prizes, medals, certificates, or money. Psychologists take opposite views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, believe that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others. The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary(金錢的) rewards sparks creativity in primary school children, suggesting that properly given stimuli(刺激) indeed encourage creativity, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. If kids know they39。re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity, says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. But it39。s easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much desire for rewards. A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with students lacking in creativity and motivation, Eisenberger says. As an example of the latter point, he particularly mentions growing efforts to tighten grading standards and adopt failing grades at major universities. In earlier grades, the use of rewarding system, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performancebased points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, Eisenberger claims.（1）Psychologists are divided in their attitudes toward _____. choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewards amount of monetary rewards for students39。 creativity relationship between actions and their consequences effects of external rewards on students39。 performance（2）Which of the following does NOT belong to examples of “external rewards”? received a certificate for winning a speech petition. was praised by the teacher for making progress in English. made great efforts to enter a major university. was offered a free summer camp due to his hard work.（3）Which of the following can best raise students39。 creativity according to Robert Eisenberger? them tasks they have not dealt with before. them tasks which require creativity. them rewards they really deserve. them rewards they hope for.（4）It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they think _____. poor performance may kill the creativity of students students is more effective than rewarding them unmotivated students helps improve their academic standards students39。 expectation of easy rewards is important【答案】 （1）D（2）C（3）C（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，說明了心理學(xué)家對(duì)外部獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)對(duì)學(xué)生成績(jī)的影響的態(tài)度有分歧。而教育工作者則認(rèn)為適當(dāng)?shù)耐獠开?jiǎng)勵(lì)刺激確實(shí)能激發(fā)創(chuàng)造力，但是如果給予表現(xiàn)不好的學(xué)生獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)則可能會(huì)扼殺創(chuàng)造力。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. ”心理學(xué)家對(duì)外部獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)(從溫暖的表?yè)P(yáng)到冷冰冰的現(xiàn)金)如何影響動(dòng)機(jī)和創(chuàng)造力持相反的觀點(diǎn)，可知，心理學(xué)家對(duì)外部獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)對(duì)學(xué)生成績(jī)的影響的態(tài)度有分歧。故選D。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. ”心理學(xué)家對(duì)外部獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)(從溫暖的表?yè)P(yáng)到冷冰冰的現(xiàn)金)如何影響動(dòng)機(jī)和創(chuàng)造力持相反的觀點(diǎn)，可知，外部獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)包括表?yè)P(yáng)到現(xiàn)金。分析選項(xiàng)可知C選項(xiàng)“杰克努力進(jìn)入一所重點(diǎn)大學(xué)。”并不屬于“外部獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)”的例子。故選C。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的If kids know they39。re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity, says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. But it39。s easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much desire for rewards.位于紐瓦克的特拉華大學(xué)的Robert Eisenberger說:“如果孩子們知道他們是為了獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)而工作，并且能夠?qū)Ｗ⒂谝粋€(gè)相對(duì)有挑戰(zhàn)性的任務(wù)，他們就會(huì)表現(xiàn)出最大的創(chuàng)造力。”“但如果對(duì)表現(xiàn)不佳的學(xué)生給予獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，或者對(duì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的渴望太強(qiáng)烈，就很容易扼殺創(chuàng)造力。”提到孩子們是為了獲得獎(jiǎng)賞而從事一項(xiàng)具有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作時(shí)創(chuàng)造力最強(qiáng)，而如果對(duì)那些表現(xiàn)不好的學(xué)生也給予獎(jiǎng)賞則會(huì)扼殺創(chuàng)造力，可見Robert Eisenberger觀點(diǎn)是給他們應(yīng)得的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。故選C。 （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“But it39。s easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much desire for rewards.但如果對(duì)表現(xiàn)