【正文】 man beings usually forget the source of a message before they forget its content. Certainty: We hardly question rumors simply because of the mental effort involved. On the other hand, no one likes to doubt a person who convinces us that the information they spread is true. Change: It acts like a tree. New rumors branch out to fill in the gaps left by the initial rumor. Another property of rumors is that they tend to bee viral. Each receiver is at the same time a potential transmitter of the information. The receiver often adds their own opinion. Their manner and tone of transmitting it also changes it. How can we end rumors? The answer is as simple as it is impossible: preventing people from municating. A more realistic response is equally difficult, although less than the first one. It is that we should be critical of the information we receive. We should ask ourselves if the source is reliable. Ask (if possible) the person you heard it from whether they also trust the information. We should also think about if the rumor benefits someone, and if that someone started the rumor. One rumor to be especially cautious of is a rumor about groups relatively unable to defend themselves. That39。s why we say, history is always told by the victors. The first payment the defeated must make is to accept the victor39。s version of the story.（1）What39。s the author39。s attitude towards rumors? ....（2）What can we learn about rumors? have all heard some and believed them.39。re happy to be the receiving end of them. may have negative influence on society. often hide good intentions in the messages.（3）How are rumors like trees? keep changing, just as trees change their color. are deeply rooted in reality, like tree roots in the earth. rumors have gaps, like the space between tree branches. rumors grow out of the original, like branches out of a trunk.（4）What does the underlined word viral in Paragraph 4 probably mean? easily spread acceptable easily defended. beneficial.（5）Which of the following may the author agree with? is easy to prevent people from spreading rumors. are often active in judging the rumors critically. should think about the hidden message of the rumors. told by the victors are usually better worth trusting.【答案】 （1）A（2）C（3）D（4）A（5）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，介紹了什么是謠言，謠言的危害，特點及怎樣避免謠言。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“In more traditional times they shook entire families.”；第二段中的“The fact is that rumors have great potential to upset things, whether socially or personally.”；以及第四段中的“Another property of rumors is that they tend to bee viral.”等信息可知作者認為謠言會對個人生活和社會造成混亂，作者對謠言是批評的態(tài)度。故選A。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“The fact is that rumors have great potential to upset things, whether socially or personally.”可知謠言會對個人生活和社會造成混亂，給社會帶來不良影響。故選C。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Change: It acts like a tree. New rumors branch out to fill in the gaps left by the initial rumor.”把謠言比作樹，新謠言的出現(xiàn)填補了最初謠言留下的空白。這說明新的謠言從原來的地方冒出來，就像樹枝從樹干冒出來一樣。故選D。 （4）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第四段中的“Each receiver is at the same time a potential transmitter of the information. The receiver often adds their own opinion. Their manner and tone of transmitting it also changes it.”可知每個接收者同時又是信息潛在的發(fā)送者。接收者通常還會添加自己的觀點或改變信息。這是在說謠言的危害，像病毒一樣容易傳播。畫線的“viral”即指像病毒一樣容易傳播，故選A。 （5）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“It is that we should be critical of the information we receive. We should ask ourselves if the source is reliable. Ask (if possible) the person you heard it from whether they also trust the information. We should also think about if the rumor benefits someone, and if that someone started the rumor.”可知我們要理性對待謠言，核實信息的準確性，可信度，評估對別人的影響，即考慮謠言的背后信息。故選C。 【點評】本題考點涉及詞義猜測和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解 A study of 3,884 students from primary schools to colleges found that examinations made percent of primary students anxious, and more than 40 percent of high school children were out of sorts (身體不適)because of stress and anxiety. Moreover, 75 percent of the high school respondents admitted that they had problems talking to their parents and more than 55 percent of them found it hard to associate with other people, according to the study. It is not difficult to conclude that our children are not happy. Today39。s kids are ing home from school weighed down with backpacks full of books and worksheets. They are spending hours at desk at night, seldom going outside to play and getting to bed late. How can this be a good thing? Homework is eating away children39。s time to play freely with neighborhood kids and more importantly, their time to sleep. Homework can enrich the education process. But like all things, too much of it may dampen (減少）a student39。s enthusiasm for learning. To raise cheerful, contented and wellmannered children, parents need to put in a lot of time and effort. Their eyes should go beyond their children39。s preparations for tests. Children need a break too. So let them be in control of parts of the day.（1）What does the passage mainly talk about? school students suffer more than primary school students. of the students have no problem talking to their parents. teenagers suffer from heavy workload. students are not happy at home.（2）According to the text, what do the children have to do with too much homework? have to take their backpacks. have to stay up late. have to eat more. have more time to play outdoors.（3）What does the author suggest the parents do? should spend more time with their children. need to ask their children to work hard. should not care about their children39。s test results. need to give children more free time.（4）What is the author39。s attitude toward giving children too much homework? ...【答案】 （1）C（2）B（3）D（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了小學(xué)生和高中生的壓力很大，產(chǎn)生的原因在于青少年的學(xué)習負擔過于繁重，由此作者向家長們提出呼吁，請給學(xué)生們一些自由的時間去放松一下。 （1）考查主旨大意。%、40%、75%、55%可知，小學(xué)生和高中生的壓力很大；以及第四段中的“Today39。s kids are ing home from school weighed down with backpacks full of books and works