【正文】 e best or even the most improved players with a trophy, we are teaching kids the wrong lesson. We are sending the message that winning is everything. Winning is only part of the equation (等式), Barish told TFK. Playing sports also teaches kids about teamwork and the importance of exercise. There will be plenty of opportunities for kids to learn about petition as they get older, says Barish. They39。ll soon realize that only one soccer team wins the World Cup and only one football team wins the Super Bowl. For now, he thinks there39。s nothing wrong with letting all kids who play a sport feel like winners. That means trophies for everyone.（1）According to Carol Dweck, which player should receive a trophy? , the most attractive player of the soccer team., a soccer player who is both clever and funny., who is ready to help his partners to score goals., a soccer player who tries his best to win the game（2）Which of the following statements would Kenneth Barish agree with? is no sense in giving a trophy to everyone. fond of playing sports should be rewarded. should be given trophies for trying their best. is necessary to encourage kids39。 participation in sports.（3）The underlined phrase single out in Paragraph 6 probably means ________． （4）What is the best title of the passage? deserves a trophy? kids deserve a trophy does a trophy deserve? player deserves a trophy【答案】 （1）C（2）D（3）B（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文。如果孩子參加體育比賽，那么是不是每個(gè)人都該得到獎(jiǎng)杯呢？作者就這個(gè)問題給出了兩種不同的看法。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“She suggests trophies go to the most improved player, or the one who contributed most to the team spirit, as well as to those who play the best.”可知，斯坦福大學(xué)的心理學(xué)教授Carol Dweck認(rèn)為，進(jìn)步最大的、對(duì)團(tuán)隊(duì)精神貢獻(xiàn)最多的和表現(xiàn)最佳的運(yùn)動(dòng)員都應(yīng)獲獎(jiǎng)。故選C。 （2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的“I think we should encourage kids39。 participation in sports,” says Kenneth Barish, a psychology professor at Weill Cornell Medical College, in New York City. “A trophy is one way to encourage kids39。 efforts.”可知，紐約市威爾康乃爾醫(yī)學(xué)院的心理學(xué)教授Kenneth Barish認(rèn)為，我們應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)孩子參加體育活動(dòng)，頒發(fā)獎(jiǎng)杯就是一種激勵(lì)方式。故選D。 （3）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第六段中的“Barish argues that when we single out only the best or even the most improved players with a trophy, we are teaching kids the wrong lesson. We are sending the message that winning is everything.”可知，Barish認(rèn)為，當(dāng)我們挑選出最佳球員或進(jìn)步最大的球員并授予他們獎(jiǎng)杯的時(shí)候，我們給孩子們傳遞了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的信號(hào)：獲勝就是一切。因此劃線詞組 single out意為“挑出”。故選B。 （4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段“You signed up for soccer, and played every game of the season. Sure, you39。re not the best player on the team, but most days you gave it your all. Do you deserve a trophy (獎(jiǎng)杯)?”你報(bào)名參加了足球比賽，參加了本賽季的每一場(chǎng)比賽。當(dāng)然，你不是隊(duì)里最好的球員，但大多數(shù)時(shí)候你都是全力以赴。你應(yīng)該得到一座獎(jiǎng)杯嗎?；和最后一段中的“For now, he thinks there39。s nothing wrong with letting all kids who play a sport feel like winners. That means trophies for everyone.”現(xiàn)在，他認(rèn)為讓所有參加體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的孩子都感覺自己是贏家并沒有什么錯(cuò)。這意味著每個(gè)人都有獎(jiǎng)杯，可知，本文主要論述了是不是每個(gè)參加比賽的人都該得到獎(jiǎng)杯。故選A。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)，推理判斷和主旨大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解 The stories we share with one another are important. They show wisdom and provide inspiration. They are important to our development. But sometimes people choose not to tell. Consider the negative effects of not sharing a story in the news: People are wondering if public health officials are holding back too much information about the recent outbreak of Ebola. There is a danger in holding back stories that ought to be told. Bobette Buster said it like this, The fact is, history has shown us that stories not told can bee like a dangerous genie (妖怪) left in a bottle. When they are finally uncorked, their power to destroy is set free. There are a number of reasons why we hide parts of our story: they often show our weaknesses or expose our disadvantages。 they require courage and strength to share。 and of course, there are some stories that should be kept secret—especially those that embarrass someone else. Most of us have two selves: the one we display on the outside and the one we actually are on the inside. And the better we get at hiding the stories that show our true selves, the more damage we may be causing to ourselves and to others. Honesty and openness is important: it proves we are trustworthy. It displays we are human. We are not perfect or better. It highlights the importance of hard work and personal development. Hard work may not allow us to overe our disadvantages pletely. But with hard work, we do not have to be restricted to our mistakes. Does this mean we admit every weakness, every disadvantage, and every secret regret to everybody we meet? No, of course not. There is a time and a place and a certain level of relationship necessary for some stories to be told in an appropriate manner.（1）What39。s the function of the example in Paragraph 2? reflects that people are concerning about the spread of Ebola. shows the bad effect caused by sharing a story. proves not sharing a story can cause trouble. concludes that one should share a story at a proper time.（2）Which is close in meaning to the underlined word uncorked in Paragraph 3? （3）One of the reasons why people are unwilling to share experiences is that _______. highlights the importance of hard work are used to exposing their weaknesses sometimes have no courage to share their stories stories make themselves feel sad（4）The writer aims to convince us to _______. open to people close to you by sharing some secrets stories appropriately for the good of others and ourselves the dangers that can be caused by untold stories the importance of being honest when making friends【答案】 （1）C（2）A（3）C（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，不分享本該被告知的故事會(huì)帶來麻煩，作者進(jìn)一步論述了人們隱藏自己故事的一部分有很多原因。同時(shí)指出有些故事需要以適當(dāng)?shù)姆绞街v述。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“There is a danger in holding back stories that ought to be told. ”應(yīng)該講的故事被隱瞞是危險(xiǎn)的。可知，第2段的例子是用來說明不分享一個(gè)故事會(huì)引起麻煩。故選C。 （2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第三段中的“their power to destroy is set free. ”他們的毀滅力量就釋放了?？芍?，劃線詞uncorked意為“打開，釋放”之意，與A選項(xiàng)freed“解放，使自由”相近。故選A。 （3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“There are a number of reasons why we hide parts of our story: they often show our weaknesses or expose our disadvantages。 they require courage and strength to share。 and of course, there are some stories that should be kept secret—especially those that embarrass someone