【正文】 bed on regular hours.（4）What does the author imply in the last paragraph? is important to study our sleep patterns. people really know the importance of sleep. does harm to people39。s health. people probably sleep more than the rich.【答案】 （1）C（2）D（3）A（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，人們熬夜或早起的原因各不相同。從收集到的數(shù)據(jù)來看，體育賽事、時間改變、假期等因素讓我們失去最多的睡眠。這個數(shù)據(jù)令人震驚，然而卻幾乎沒人意識到睡眠對我們是多么的重要。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Russia39。s late nights and early mornings generally correspond to public holidays. On New Year39。s Eve, Russians have the world39。s latest bedtime, hitting the hay at around 3:30 a. m.”在公共假日，俄羅斯人通常熬夜和早起。除夕之夜，俄羅斯人有了世界上最遲的就寢時間，大約凌晨3點30分睡覺?？芍?，俄羅斯人在公共假期睡的非常少。故選C。 （2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“The worst night for sleep in the U. K. was the night of the EnglandItaly match on June 14. Brits stayed up a halfhour later to watch it, and then they woke up earlier than usual the next morning”接著講述世界杯期間，英國人比平常晚睡半小時又比平常早起，可知由于世界杯賽時很多人的睡眠少了，即世界杯是造成英國人睡眠不足的主要原因。可推知stayed up a halfhour later to watch it,… woke up earlier than usual the next morning和loss關(guān)系。故選D。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“…. not everyone has a tool to record their sleep patterns。 in some of these nations, it39。s likely that only the richest people do. And people who select to track their sleep may try to get more sleep than the average person.”不是每個人都有記錄睡眠模式的工具；在這些國家中，可能只有最富有的人才會這樣做。選擇跟蹤自己睡眠的人可能會試圖比普通人睡得更多。可知，一些富人使用工具來記錄他們的睡眠模式就是為了比一般人睡的多點。故選A。 （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Even if that39。s the case, though, the above findings are still striking. If the most healthconscious among us have such deep swings in our shuteye levels throughout the year, how much sleep are the rest of us losing?”盡管如此，上述發(fā)現(xiàn)仍然令人震驚。如果我們當中最有健康意識的人一年中的睡眠水平有如此劇烈的波動，那么我們其余的人會失去多少睡眠呢？可推斷出，很少有人意識到睡眠的重要性，故選B。 【點評】本題考點涉及詞義猜測和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇健康類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解 Many studies have hinted(暗示) that alcohol, in moderation, can do a heart good. But new research suggests that moderate drinkers are no more likely than non173。drinkers to have clear arteries(動脈). The scientists looked at almost 2,000 patients who underwent CT test. Overall, there was no association between people39。s drinking habits and their heart diseases. Researchers said an advantage of the new study is that it used objective measurements. “No prior studies have assessed the relationship between alcohol consumption and the presence of heart disease,” said lead researcher Dr Julia Karady. We could not find any relation between the presence of heart disease and alcohol consumption, Karady said. At the same time, she added, there was no evidence that heavier drinking raised the risk of heart disease. However, groups like the American Heart Association(AHA) warn against excessive drinking, because it can raise blood pressure and contribute to heart failure and other problems. In general, moderate is defined as no more than one glass of alcohol a day for women, and no more than two a day for men. But those studies do not prove that alcohol, itself, protects the heart—in large part because alcohol also carries risks.（1）What is the advantage of the new study? scientists looked at almost 2,000 patients who underwent CT test. new study used objective measurements. prior studies have assessed the relationship. was no evidence that heavier drinking raised the risk of heart disease.（2）Why groups like the American Heart Association(AHA) are against excessive drinking? it can raise blood pressure and contribute to heart failure and other problems. there is some evidence that it will raise the risk of death. it can make you die immediately. it will lead to blindness.（3）What is moderate defined in the text? more than one glass of alcohol a day. more than two glasses of alcohol a day. more than three glasses of alcohol a day. more than one glass of alcohol a day for women, and no more than two a day for men.【答案】 （1）B（2）A（3）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，許多研究暗示，適量的酒精對心臟有好處。但最新研究表明，適度飲酒的人和不喝酒的人一樣，動脈也不太通暢。科學(xué)家們觀察了近2000名接受CT檢查的患者?？偟膩碚f，人們的飲酒習(xí)慣和他們的心臟病之間沒有聯(lián)系。研究人員說，這項新研究的一個優(yōu)點是采用了客觀的測量方法。 （1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Researchers said an advantage of the new study is that it used objective measurements.”可知，研究人員說，這項新研究的一個優(yōu)點是采用了客觀的測量方法。故選B。 （2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中“However, groups like the American Heart Association(AHA) warn against excessive drinking, because it can raise blood pressure and contribute to heart failure and other problems.”可知，美國心臟協(xié)會（AHA）等團體告誡人們不要過度飲酒，因為它可以使血壓升高并導(dǎo)致心力衰竭和其他問題。故選A。 （3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中“In general, ‘moderate’ is defined as no more than one glass of alcohol a day for women, and no more than two a day for men.”可知，“適度”定義為女性每天不超過一杯酒，而男性每天不超過兩杯。故選D。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解題型的考查，是一篇健康類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并結(jié)合題目要求，從而選出正確答案。9．閱讀理解 For 63 percent of Americans, coffee is one of their daily essentials. This number has been this high since 2017, according to the National Coffee Association. The rise of coffee is due to its numerous benefits like preventing DNA damage, but it works best if you do this simple thing first: Eat. Drinking coffee on an empty stomach, or early in the morning before you39。ve had breakfast, can raise the level of cortisol (皮質(zhì)醇) in your body. From the moment you open your eyes in the morning, your body starts releasing cortisol. It39。s a hormone (激素) that39。s responsible for ruling your immune response, metabolism (新陳代謝), and stress response, says Dr. Nikola Djordjevic, MD. If you pump your body with caffeine(咖啡因) when your cortisol is at its peak, Djordjevic says, you39。ll be forcing your body to bear even more stress. In a study that evaluated preference for caffeinated drinks among medical students, it39。s shown that 25 percent of students drank coffee in the morning on an empty stomach. These students are at an increased risk of mood changes and possible longterm effects on their health, as explained in the study. Drinking coffee on an empty stomach can greatly encourage the acid in your stomach, producing a more acidic environment, says Dr. Jamie Long, a licensed clinical psychologist. Thus, a full stomach is