【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 點(diǎn),從及物性、語氣(情態(tài)和評(píng)價(jià))、主位等角度,對譯文質(zhì)量進(jìn)行評(píng)估,共有11處發(fā)生概念意義的偏離?，F(xiàn)舉兩例加以說明?！拔野迪胛液驼乒竦牡燃?jí)還很遠(yuǎn)呢。”譯文:ItseemedtomethatIwasstillveryfarfromhavingashopofmy,譯文用“Itseemedtome”表示的卻是對命題意義“我和掌柜的等級(jí)還很遠(yuǎn)呢”的一種主觀判斷,屬于人際意義范疇,因此這一方面沒有譯出原文“暗想”的概念意義。另一方面又加進(jìn)了原本所沒有的情態(tài)意義。“他從破衣袋里摸出四文大錢。”譯文:Heproducedfourcoppersfromhisraggedcoatpocket“摸出”是孔乙己在身體殘疾、精神萎靡、因偷竊而不幸被人打斷腿情況下做出的動(dòng)作,且很可能是他最后一次掏錢買酒,因此無論其身體條件或是精神狀態(tài)都決定了掏的動(dòng)作是緩慢、困難的。不僅如此,這也是他一生中最后一次享有喝酒的機(jī)會(huì)了,因此“摸出”一詞還表達(dá)了作者對孔乙己悲慘命運(yùn)的無限同情。而譯文所用的produce,隱含為瀟灑地亮出,不僅與原文動(dòng)作的緩慢、困難大相徑庭,即概念意義不太相符外,還丟掉了原詞所表達(dá)的人際意義。結(jié)論：魯迅是短篇小說的名手。他,善于簡短地,清楚地在一些形象中表達(dá)一種思想,在一個(gè)插曲中表達(dá)一件巨大的事變,在某一個(gè)別的人物中表達(dá)一個(gè)典型?？滓壹汉桶有某些相似之處,是一個(gè)帶有喜劇因素的悲劇人物。他的思想,言行有些是很可笑的,而他的一生遭遇卻是十分悲慘的。根據(jù)作品的交代,孔乙己生活在十九世紀(jì)末,是一個(gè)沒有“進(jìn)學(xué)”的老童生,也就是作品里說的“連半個(gè)秀才也撈不到”的讀書人。當(dāng)時(shí)中國封建社會(huì)已經(jīng)氣息奄奄,朝不慮夕,封建科舉制度也即將被廢除?？滓壹菏沁@個(gè)社會(huì)制度所產(chǎn)生的畸形兒,犧牲品。在人吃人的文化背景下,作為下層文人的孔乙己成為整個(gè)社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和文化結(jié)構(gòu)中的棄子,面對整個(gè)社會(huì)的精神圍剿和人格虐殺,孔乙己在荒謬和錯(cuò)位中進(jìn)行著自我拯救,這種拯救不可避免地陷落到笑料和毀滅的境地。本文研究了《孔乙己》英譯本翻譯風(fēng)格?！緟⒖嘉墨I(xiàn)】[1]《孔乙己》的主題[J].江蘇大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(高教研究版),1979,(03).[2]馮文炳.《孔乙己》講析[J].吉林大學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),1982,(06).[3]——讀《魯迅贊》[J].齊齊哈爾大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)版),1994,(01).[4]李——《孔乙己》散論[J].蘭州大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版),2001,(04).第三篇：從中西散文風(fēng)格領(lǐng)略翻譯方法從中西散文風(fēng)格領(lǐng)略翻譯方法中國有一種散文特別具有抒情性，特別講究文字技巧。它們固然與詩歌有區(qū)別，但是，更多相同處。例如六朝流行的賦，由于特別講究駢偶抑揚(yáng)，辭彩華麗，詩味十分濃郁。實(shí)際上在一定程度上是沒有分行的詩。歐美文人的若干抒情散文也有類似的特點(diǎn)。在翻譯它們的時(shí)候，翻譯技巧也是多種多樣的，與詩歌翻譯技巧很多是相通的。和詩歌一樣，一篇散文也可以翻譯成若干種風(fēng)格。下面以英國著名學(xué)者和文學(xué)家本約翰森的的名篇《致切斯菲爾德伯爵書》為例詳細(xì)探討散文翻譯的若干技巧?！吨虑兴狗茽柕虏魰吩模?My Lord(1)，I have been lately informed, by the proprietor of The World(2), that two Papers, in which my Dictionary is remended to the Public(3), were written by your be so distinguished, is an honour(4), which, being very little accustomed to(5)favours from the Great(6), I know not well how to receive, or in what termsto acknowledge(7).When, upon some slight encouragement(8), I first visited your Lordship, I was overpowered, like the rest of Mankind(9), hy the enchantment of your address。and could not forbear(10)to wish that I might boast myself Levainqueur du vainqueur de la terre(11)— that I might obtain that regard for which I saw the world(12)contending。but I found my attendance(13)so little encouraged, that neither pride nor modesty would suffer(14)me to continue it.(15)When I had once addressed your Lordship in public, I had exhausted all the art of pleasing which a retired and uncourtly scholar(16)can had done all that I could。and no Man is well pleased to have his all(17)neglected, be it ever so years, My Lord, have now past,since I waited in your outward Rooms, or was repulsed from your Door(18)。during which time I have been pushing on my work through difficulties, of which it is useless to plain(19), and have brought it, at last, to the verge of Puhlication, without one Act of assistance, one word of encouragement, or one smile of favour(20).Such treatment I did not expect, for I never had a Patron Shepherd in Virgil grew at last acquainted with Love, and found him a Native of the Rocks(21).Is not a Patron, My Lord, one who looks with unconcern on a Man struggling for Life in the water, and, when he has reached ground, encumbers him with help?(22)The notice which you have been pleased to take of my Labours,(23)had it been early,(24)had been kind。but it has been delayed till I am indifferent, and cannot enjoy it。till I am solitary,(25)and cannot impart it。till I am known, and do not want it(26)? I hope it is no very cynical asperity(27)not to confess obligations(28)where no benefit has been received,or to be unwilling that the Public should consider me as owing that to a Patron, which Providence has enabled me to do for myself.(29)Having carried on my work thus far with solittle obligation to any Favourer of Learning,(30)I shall not be disappointed though I should clude it(31), if less be possible, with less。or I have been long wakened from that Dream of hope, in which I once boasted myself with so much exultation(32)? My Lord, Your Lordship’s Most Humble, Most Obedient Servant，Sam: JohnsoneFebruary 7, 1755(33)致切斯菲爾德伯爵書〖英〗塞繆爾約翰遜 〖中〗辜正坤譯譯文一：文言體譯文大人閣下：頃得《世界報(bào)》館主告知，該報(bào)近日揭載二文，對拙編詞典，頗有揚(yáng)善褒薦之詞，聞皆出閣下手筆。厚愛如此，理當(dāng)引為大幸。奈何在下不慣貴人垂青，茫然不知何以領(lǐng)受、何辭遜謝。憶當(dāng)年，在下小蒙鼓勵(lì)，竟斗膽初謁公門。大人之言談豐采，語驚四座，令人絕倒，使在下不禁謬生宏愿：他日或能自詡當(dāng)世：“吾乃天下征服者之征服者也。”——舉世學(xué)人欲奪之殊榮，或竟鹿死我手!孰料余之趨走逢迎，未蒙絲毫寵幸。爾后余自度不復(fù)干謁此途，自尊與自卑，皆勿與論也。余本一介書生，不善諂辭，不尚交際，而曾一度當(dāng)眾致語閣下，可謂罄盡取悅文飾之辭。仆思已盡犬馬之勞，雖功效綿薄，又何甘辛勞遭逢白眼之遇也?；叵氘?dāng)初侍立君堂，甚或見逐門首，忽焉七載飛去。斯年以來，吾力排艱辛，獨(dú)撐大業(yè)，無援手相助，無片言相許，無一笑相期。幸得終竟全功，付梓在即。當(dāng)此時(shí)，發(fā)怨尤之詞，恐無益也。然余實(shí)從未曾知遇提攜之人，自曾指望過蒙受惠顧。維吉爾筆下牧童終與愛神相識(shí)，方知愛神原只是草野之夫。設(shè)有人于溺水者奮命中流之際，漠然相對，視若無睹，伺其安全抵岸，方忽急伸