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(2)確定促進(jìn)學(xué)生有效學(xué)習(xí),解決困難的思路和策略。八年級是學(xué)習(xí)英語的關(guān)鍵時期,這個階段的學(xué)生活潑、好奇心和求知欲望強。比如像本課所涉及的有關(guān)健康的話題是他們之前從未接觸過的,因此,他們渴望用英語來表達(dá)。另外,八年級學(xué)生的心理特點反映在學(xué)習(xí)英語的能力上,他們模仿和記憶的能力特別強。學(xué)生的發(fā)音器官很靈敏,耳朵辨音的能力強,口舌也能靈活準(zhǔn)確地模仿各種發(fā)音。八年級學(xué)生的記憶以具體形象記憶為主,并習(xí)慣于機械性記憶初中生理解和分析語言的能力相對來說較弱。在知識積累方面,學(xué)生已經(jīng)掌握了一定的詞匯和句型,對語言學(xué)習(xí)的熱情也逐步增加。他們更感興趣的是如何用英語來表述與現(xiàn)實生活息息相關(guān)的話題并尋求合理的解決辦法。本課通過表述身體的各種不適和談?wù)搨€人健康問題,使學(xué)生學(xué)會關(guān)心自身及他人身體健康并且能提出一些建議,同時讓學(xué)生了解“a healthy lifestyle”的重要性。但是由于學(xué)生年齡和生活經(jīng)驗的限制,在談?wù)撊绾谓o合適的建議時,會遇到一定的困難。因此,在教學(xué)過程中,利用圖片、肢體語言,給予學(xué)生直觀的感受,并靈活運用繃帶和白大褂等教具,創(chuàng)設(shè)真實的情境。除此之外,教師要給學(xué)生適時而恰當(dāng)?shù)墓膭?。學(xué)生在課堂上的發(fā)言,教師都要盡力加以表揚,鼓勵,多運用積極的鼓勵性語言,如“Believe yourself!”,“Good”, “Well done!”等。對于學(xué)生在口語練習(xí)中出現(xiàn)的錯誤,不必有錯就糾,有錯必糾,使學(xué)生產(chǎn)生“躍躍欲試”的沖動,享受成功的喜悅。亮點與反思:教師對學(xué)生的主體意識的尊重尤其重要。教師要把每個學(xué)生當(dāng)作一個具有獨特經(jīng)驗和情感態(tài)度的人,與學(xué)生建立一種真誠平等,信任的相互關(guān)系,在教學(xué)中關(guān)注學(xué)生的親歷親為,實際上是對學(xué)生自主性、創(chuàng)造的尊重。對于學(xué)生在課堂上的表現(xiàn)教師要時時用積極的語言予以肯定和鼓勵,這正是羅森塔爾效應(yīng)即教師期望效應(yīng)的有效體現(xiàn)。教學(xué)目標(biāo)設(shè)計: 用具體、明確、可操作的行為語言,描述本課的知識、技能、能力、方法、情感、態(tài)度、價值觀等方面的教學(xué)目標(biāo)。Objectives: By the end of the session, most students will be better able to acquire the required will be achieved by: Objectives: 1)Be able to master the pronunciation, meaning and spelling of the names of diseases: fever, sore throat, sore back。stomachache, headache, toothache, cold, cough。2)Be able to learn the expressions of giving advice: lie down and rest, drink hot tea with honey, see a dentist, take this medicine。3)Be able to talk about health problems by using “What’s the matter? I have a…” and give advice by using “You should… You shouldn’t…” Objectives: 1)Be able to talk about one’s health problems and give advice fluently。2)Be able to role play doctor and patient。 Objectives: 1)Improve the cooperative spirit through pair work and role playing 2)Care more about yourself and your family members’ :本課的教學(xué)重點和教學(xué)難點及依據(jù)由于本節(jié)課的話題是談?wù)摻】?,根?jù)教學(xué)大綱的要求,學(xué)生需掌握有關(guān)疾病的單詞,并能針對疾病提出合理的建議。因此本節(jié)課教學(xué)重點設(shè)置如下: The teaching Focus the names of diseases: fever, sore throat, sore back。stomachache, headache, toothache, cold, cough。 the expressions of giving advice: lie down and rest, drink hot tea with honey, see a dentist, take this medicine。 about health problems by using “What’s the matter? I have a…” and give advice by using “You should… You shouldn’t…” 本節(jié)課的內(nèi)容是之前學(xué)生沒有接觸過的,因此他們沒有一定的知識儲備。讓他們在45分鐘內(nèi)掌握較多單詞的發(fā)音及意思有一定的難度。另外,由于八年級學(xué)生年齡和生活經(jīng)驗的限制,在談?wù)撊绾谓o合適的建議時,會遇到一定的困難。因此本節(jié)課的教學(xué)難點設(shè)置如下: The Teaching Difficulties may find it difficult to remember all the target new words in the class。 may find it difficult to give appropriate advice to the certain disease because of their limited life :本課教學(xué)中所運用的教學(xué)模式、教學(xué)策略和教學(xué)手段,包括課前準(zhǔn)備:(1)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)準(zhǔn)備;2.教師的教學(xué)準(zhǔn)備;3.教學(xué)環(huán)境的設(shè)計與布置;4.教學(xué)用具的設(shè)計和準(zhǔn)備?!队⒄Z課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》明確指出:英語教學(xué)提倡體驗、實踐、參與、交流與合作的學(xué)習(xí)方式,要使學(xué)生盡可能多地從不同渠道,以不同方式接觸和學(xué)習(xí)英語,親身感受和直接體驗語言運用語言。在英語教學(xué)中,要關(guān)注學(xué)生的體驗,創(chuàng)設(shè)和優(yōu)化英語教學(xué)環(huán)境,使學(xué)生在互動中交流語言,在體驗中生成知識,使語言學(xué)習(xí)轉(zhuǎn)變成一種創(chuàng)造和運用語言的體驗過程。因此本課遵循體驗式英語教學(xué)模式,使得教師輸入和學(xué)生輸出科學(xué)地結(jié)合起來,從而實現(xiàn)以學(xué)生為中心、培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)能力的教學(xué)理念和提高學(xué)生跨文化交際能力的最終教學(xué)目標(biāo)。此外本課還結(jié)合了情景教學(xué)模式。即通過靈活運用繃帶、聽診器、白大褂等用具營造出醫(yī)院的真實情景,開展活動,提高學(xué)生參與教學(xué)活動的興趣,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生在真實的情境以及體驗、實踐、參與、合作和交流中積極主動運用語言。另外本課還倡導(dǎo)任務(wù)型教學(xué)方式。任務(wù)型教學(xué)就是以具體的任務(wù)為學(xué)習(xí)動力或動機,以完成任務(wù)的過程為學(xué)習(xí)的過程,以展示任務(wù)成果的方式來體現(xiàn)教學(xué)的成就。在設(shè)計任務(wù)時,我們還注重發(fā)覺學(xué)生的童趣童真,講究教學(xué)任務(wù)的趣味性和多樣性,如男女生PK、結(jié)對活動、猜測游戲、角色扮演等多種形式的任務(wù),引導(dǎo)學(xué)生在輕松愉快的環(huán)境中合作學(xué)習(xí)語言,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生綜合運用語言的能力。除此之外,在本節(jié)課中,我們還利用了有關(guān)疾病的豐富的圖片,幫助鞏固復(fù)習(xí)新單詞,并以此引入另一話題提供建議。另外,在配對游戲環(huán)節(jié)中,我們還需準(zhǔn)備兩個袋子,分別裝有各種疾病和建議的紙條,以供男女比賽使用。:這是教學(xué)設(shè)計的主體部分。分幾個環(huán)節(jié)具體說明教學(xué)活動的安排,包括學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)活動、教師指導(dǎo)活動、師生交互活動。應(yīng)采用文字?jǐn)⑹黾狱c評的格式,不要采用表格或流程圖的形式。Step1 Warming up Greet Ss by asking them: How are you today? Then I’ll tell Ss that I’m not feeling well today(Write the sentence on the blackboard and guide Ss to read it.)and get Ss to guess the reason Ss can’t get the answer, I’ll tell them that I didn’t have a good sleep last I have a headache.(I say this by doing a gesture)設(shè)計說明:通過師生間的問候,拉近彼此的距離,使學(xué)生快速融入英語課堂。要求學(xué)生猜測老師身體不適的原因,從而激發(fā)學(xué)生的背景知識,并為之后的知識輸入做好鋪墊。Step2: Presentation of words about diseases Ss a bandage and tell them there is something wrong in the place where the bandage get Ss to guess the health I do an action, ask Ss: “What’s the matter?”(write it on the blackboard)For example, when I put the bandage on the stomach, ask Ss: “What’s the matter with me?” Help Ss say: “I’m not feeling have a stomachache.” Then teach the other target words: fever, sore throat, toothache, sore back in the following way: Put the bandage on the other part of body and get students to ask: What’s the matter? Then get other Ss to guess the body language to guide Ss to guess another two names of diseases: cold, Ss pictures of diseases half hidden, and get Ss to guess the names of diseases: fever, sore throat, toothache, sore back, cold, :老師在課堂上出示醫(yī)療用具繃帶,能充分喚起學(xué)生的好奇心,使其積極地參與到教學(xué)活動中。通過繃帶所綁的不同位置和肢體語言,自然地引出有關(guān)疾病的單詞。這種教學(xué)單詞的方式簡單而且直觀,更易被學(xué)生接受。八年級學(xué)生喜歡猜測的活動,所以,運用半遮圖片可以讓學(xué)生鞏固所學(xué)的單詞。Step3: Pair work Put the bandage on the part of a student’s body and ask: “What’s matter?” and guide him to use the pattern: I’m not feeling have a… Then ask Ss to work in pairs and talk about health problems by using the bandage given and using the target language: What’s the matter? I’m not feeling have a … 設(shè)計說明:八年級學(xué)生的表演欲望強,所以,在結(jié)對活動中,為每一小組提供繃帶,這樣可以激發(fā)學(xué)生的參與性,擴大參與面,使更多的學(xué)生開口說英語。Step4 Presentation of expressions of giving advice Ss that I have a cold/cough, ask them: What should I do? Ss may give different answers, collect their answers and help them to use: You should/shouldn’t do… Then show some pictures of other diseases mentioned before and ask them to give advice to each problem by using target language: You should/shouldn’t do… During this activity, some phrases will be learned: lie down and rest, drink hot tea with honey, see a dentist, drink lots of water, take some Ss two one bag, there are pieces of paper with problems while in the other one, there are pieces of paper with a petition between boys and turns to get example, one boy gets one paper with problem, and one girl get one paper with girl should say: What’s the matter with you? The boy should answer the question according to the problem he got by saying: I’m not feeling have a…If the girl got the right advice, she should answer it according to her paper: You should… If it is not, she should say: You shouldn’t, then give the right one who makes right sentence can get one :向?qū)W