【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 sh literature. 59. Which of the following words can be used to describe the book? A. Discouraging. B. Reflective. C. Delightful. D. Controversial. 60. Kalanithi began to seek the meaning of life . A. when he was a medical student B. when he became a neurosurgeon C. when he studied English literature D. when he was diagnosed with cancer C One of the strangest features of motherhood is that the vast majority of mothers prefer to cradle their babies in the left arm. Why should this be? The obvious explanation is that the majority of mothers are right handed and they wish to keep their right handed and they wish to keep their right hand free. Unfortunately, this explanation cannot apply, because lefthanded mothers also favor their left arm for holding their babies. The precise figures arc 83 percent for righthanded mothers and 73 percent for lefthanded mothers. The most likely explanation is that the mother39。s heart is on the left side and, by holding the baby in her left arm, she is unconsciously bringing her baby closer to the sound of the heart beat. This is the sound the baby heard when it was inside the mother?s womb and which is therefore an association with peace, fort and security. Tests were carried out in nurseries where some babies were played the recorded sound of a human heart beat, and, sure enough, went to sleep twice as quickly as the others. We also know that the sound of mother39。s heart is quite audible inside the womb and that the unborn baby has a welldeveloped hearing. It is interesting that fathers show less of this leftside bias (偏愛 ) than mothers，suggesting that the human female is better programmed than her partner for carrying a baby. Alternatively， she may unconsciously adjust her holding behavior to make baby fell more secure. Some new observations on our closest animals? relatives, the chimpanzees and gorillas, have revealed that they too show a strong bias for holding their babies on the left side. The precise figures were 84 percent for chimpanzees and 82 percent for gorillas, remarkably close to the human percentages. Recently a possible additional value in cradling babies on the left side has been suggested. It has been pointed out that, because, the two sides of the brain are concerned with different aspects of behavior, it is possible that the mother, in cradling the baby to her left, is showing the baby her “best side”. It is claimed that the emotions are expressed more strongly on the left side of the human face and that she therefore gives the baby a better chance to read her emotional mood changes as it gazes up at her. Furthermore, the mother?s left eye and ear are more tuned into emotional changes in her baby than her right eye and ear would be. So in addition to the baby?s seeing the more expressive parts of its mother, there is further advantage that the mother is herself more sensitive to the leftheld baby. This may sound farfetched, but just possibly, it could provide a slight extra benefit for those mothers displaying the strange onesided bias when cradling their infants. How does a bias occur? Do the mothers have an instinctive preference for it, or do they learn it by trial and error, unconsciously adjusting the position of the babies until the babies are calmer? The surprising answer is that it seems to be the baby not the mother who controls the bias. Observation of new born infants when they were only a few hours old revealed that they e into the world with a preprogrammed tendency to turn their head to the right. If the new born baby is gently held in a dead central position and then released, it naturally swings to the right far more often than to the left. This happens in nearly 70 percent of babies. This may be only a part of explanation, because the holding bias is 80 percent not 70 percent, but it adds a further intriguing chapter to the story. 61. How does the author develop Paragraph 1? A. By giving an example as a hook. B. By giving a general statement and narrowing it down. C. By asking a question and showing an answer. D. By explaining the importance of understanding a phenomenon. 62. The underlined word “audible” in Paragraph 3 means . A. soft B. clear C. weak D. distant 63. What?s the main idea of Paragraph 5? A. The left side of the human face expresses emotions more strongly than the right. B. A mother?s left eye and ear are more sensitive to the emotional changes in her baby. C. A baby may be more able to “read” its mother?s emotions than was previously believed. D. Holding her baby in the left arm may improve a mother?s emotional munication with it. 64. What is the author?s tone when he discusses why most mothers cradle their babies in the left arm? A. Cautious. B. Disapproving. C. Subjective. D. Favorable. D Gus Wenner runs 。 his father gave him the job. But Jann Wenner, the magazine39。s cofounder and publisher, was quick to assure critics of the appointment process that his son is terribly talented and had to prove himself before being given the post. Apparently Gus worked his way up from more junior positions with the pany, and demonstrated, according to his father, the “drive and discipline and charm, and all the things that show leadership.” Gus Wenner is 22 years old. He is certainly not the only kid out of college, or even out of high school, working at daddy?s firm. Family contacts are a mon way of finding both temporary internships and longtime careers. Opportunities for the children of top 1 percent are not the same as they are for the 99 percent. This is hardly a shock, but it is precisely the type of inequality that reveals the hardtodefine promise of the “Just Do It” version of the American dream and deepens our cynicism (憤世嫉俗 ) about how people get ahead. As a consequence, it weakens support for public policies t