【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 r the several diverse elements into a team effort for project pletion． English Readings— Text Translation and Analysis 4. Oral English Practice Unit 2 Construction and Construction Management Construction manager During the design phase, the CM advises with respect to performance criteria, construction feasibility of alternative building systems, site conditions, and availability of materials and labor. Information pertaining to trade jurisdictions and temporary job facilities is also provided. Where long leadtime machinery, equipment, or materials are needed, the CM will make arrangements for their procurement and delivery. During the design process, the CM prepares preliminary, interim, and final construction project budgets and construction schedules. Fast tracking and phased construction are frequently used on construction projects of this type. The construction manager handles the bidding and contract award process whereby work is contracted out to a succession of constructors as the various design phases are finalized. The CM usually does not perform significant construction work with his own forces. English Readings— Text Translation and Analysis 4. Oral English Practice Unit 2 Construction and Construction Management Construction manager During construction operations, the CM assumes responsibility for the supervision coordination, and administration of the construction project. Of top importance in this regard are coordinating the work of the separate contractors, checking the actual progress of the construction project against an established time schedule, and exercising every effort to keep the cost of the work within the approved budget. Also often involved are quality control, safety, progress payments, contract changes, claims, expediting, shop drawings, acceptance testing, and other elements of construction administration [8]. The extent of services to be provided by the CM can be tailored to suit the individual owner’ s requirements. English Readings— Text Translation and Analysis 4. Oral English Practice Unit 2 Construction and Construction Management Construction manager Two different types of construction management contracts can be used. Under one type, the CM is made the agent of the owner. All actions of the CM, such as purchasing, contracting, disbursement, and construction supervision, are carried out in the name of and on behalf of the owner. Under principles of agency, the owner is fully responsible for the actions of the CM. another type of management contract is that in which the CM is engaged as an independent contractor. In this case his actions are taken in his own name and on his own responsibility. The CM is liable for his own actions and remains responsible for the work until its pletion and acceptance by the owner. Public owners cannot ordinarily make the CM their agent. Private owners, on the other hand, can and normally do. English Readings— Text Translation and Analysis 4. Oral English Practice Unit 2 Construction and Construction Management ◎ New words and expressions 1． considerable a. 值得考慮的，相當(dāng)多的 2． familiarize ，使通曉 3. intricate a． 復(fù)雜的，錯(cuò)綜的，難懂的 4． timeconsuming a． 不同的，全異的 ，保證；擔(dān)保人，保證人 7． tradesman ,店主，手藝人 8． literally ad. 逐字地，確實(shí)地 9． utilitarian a． 功利的，以實(shí)用為主的 10． mechanism n． 機(jī)制，機(jī)理 11． profoundly ad． 深深地，深切地 12． deteriorate vt． 使退化，消耗，降低 13． unremitting a． 不間斷的，持續(xù)的 14． imperative a． 迫切的，絕對(duì)必要的 15． designconstruct 設(shè)計(jì) — 施工 16． weigh against 對(duì) …… 不利，與 …… 比較，考慮，權(quán)衡 17． Progress payments 工程進(jìn)度款 drawing n. 施工圖， 大樣圖 testing 驗(yàn)收檢驗(yàn) ，顧問 ； a. 咨詢的，顧問的 English Readings— Text 2. New words and expressions Note Translation and Analysis 4. Oral English Practice Unit 2 Construction and Construction Management New words and expressions 21． criterion n． 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，準(zhǔn)則 22． feasibility ，現(xiàn)實(shí)性 23． jurisdiction ，管轄權(quán)，司法權(quán) 24． interim a.． 臨時(shí)的，期間的 25． disbursement n． 支持，付出款 26． pertaining to 關(guān)于 ……( 的 )，為 …… 所固有 27． with respect to 關(guān)于 28． leadtime 訂貨至交貨間的時(shí)間 29． fast tracking 邊設(shè)計(jì)邊施工 (方法 ) 30． to contract out 把 (工程 )包出 (給 ) English Readings— Text 2. New words and expressions Note Translation and Analysis 4. Oral English Practice Unit 2 Construction and Construction Management ◎ Note anizational cultures of architects, engineers, owners, builders, manufacturers, and suppliers may seem to work against the real need to fe a partnership that will ensure the success of a project. 建筑師、工程師、業(yè)主、施工方、制造商和供應(yīng)商各自不同的組織文化可能不利于滿足項(xiàng)目本身的需要，那就是形成確保項(xiàng)目成功的伙伴關(guān)系。 其中：“ work”的本意為“工作、運(yùn)行”，和“ against”連用，可以翻譯為“不支持、不利于，有反作用”。 2. Construction projects involve much time and expense, and control of them is required if they are to be pleted within the established time and cost limitations. 建筑工程需要很多時(shí)間和費(fèi)用，如果需要這些建筑工程在既定的時(shí)間和有限的費(fèi)用的前提下完成，那么對(duì)它們進(jìn)行控制是必需的。 “ involve”一詞一般可以翻譯成“包括” . English Readings— Text 2. New words and expressions Note Translation and Analysis 4. Oral English Practice Unit 2 Construction and Construction Management Note project management is concerned with planning, scheduling, and controlling nonroutine activities within certain time and resource constrains. 建筑工程管理是在一定時(shí)間和資源的限制約束下，進(jìn)行計(jì)劃編制、進(jìn)度安排和非日?；顒?dòng)的控制。 其中“ planning”和“ scheduling”都有“計(jì)劃、安排”的意思，但是在工程管理專業(yè)里，“ planning”和“ scheduling”都有特定的含義，前者是指“計(jì)劃編制”，或者是指“進(jìn)度安排”。 4. Unfortunately, the construction process once it is set into motion is not a selfregulati